论公共航空承运人运输总条件的法律属性及其适用困境消解  

The Study on Legal Nature of Public Air Carrier's General Conditions of Carriage and the Resolution of Difficulties in Its Application

作　　者：贺大伟 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《政治与法律》2018年第1期134-149,共16页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：对公共航空承运人运输总条件法律属性的认识是厘定航空运输合同纠纷中承运人责任的重要问题。我国法并未明确承运人运输总条件的法律属性,理论界与司法实务界对此存在不同的观点。应从"条件"的法律涵义与航空运输合同的法律结构等角度出发,合理认定承运人运输总条件的法律属性。鉴于运输总条件具有格式条款之特征,结合国内运输条件中所惯常规定的航班延误及取消、客票超售等特别条款备受理论界和司法实务界争议,以及国际运输条件中存在的承运人单方指定合同适用准据法等情况,此类条款是否对承运人运输总条件的法律效力构成法理障碍,应当予以论证。应当利用我国《民用航空法》正在修订的宝贵契机,适时在法律中明确承运人运输总条件是航空运输合同的主要内容这一法律属性。For defining the carriers＇ responsibility in air transport contracts＇ disputes, keeping a clearsighted view of the legal nature of public air carrier＇ s general conditions of carriage is vitally important. However, the existing Chinese laws do not clearly regulate such legal nature, which caused many debates in academia and juridical practice. The legal nature of carrier＇s general conditions of carriage shall be reasonally determined in light of legal connotation of conditions and legal structure of air transport contracts. In view of the fact that general conditions of carriage enjoy characteristics of standard terms, combining the situation that there are a lot of disputes in academia and judicial practice over special terms usually set out in the conditions of domestic carriage such as delay, cancellation of flight and overbooked passenages＇ tickets and the applicable law is unilateraly appointed by the carrier in conditions of international carriage, discussion shall be made regarding whether such terms impose judicial barrier to legal effectiveness of the carrier＇ s general conditions of carriage. China shall take advantage of the important opportunity of amending Civil Aviation Law to clarify the legal nature that the carrier＇ s geveral eanditions of carriage are the main part of air transportation contract.

关 键 词：公共航空承运人 运输总条件 特别条款 客票超售 公约排他适用条款 

分 类 号：DF934[政治法律—国际法学]