长期照护保险立法探析  

Legislation Research of Long-Term Care Insurance

作　　者：郑尚元[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2018年第1期131-139,共9页Law Review

基　　金：司法部重点项目"基本养老保障实现的法律机制研究"(项目编号:14SFB1007)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国已经进入老龄社会,老龄人口中部分失能失智的老人需要长期照护。传统社会中,长期照护责任与风险全部由当事人家庭承担。随着我国老龄化、少子化情势加剧,对于少子家庭、独子家庭,甚至个别"丁克"家庭,老人失能失智后,将面临巨大灾难。德国、日本在其健康保险(医保)法制基础上,建构了独立的社会保险第五险,即长期照护保险法律制度。该制度以分担当事人及其家庭风险为背景,将个人风险转换为社会保险。我国目前的养老服务体系虽然存在一定的社会福利性,但根本上说仍属于私法层面的服务与被服务关系,照护老人的支出大部分由当事人及其家庭支出。建构长期照护保险法制,建立长期照护保险经办机构制度、将长期照护服务机构一并纳入法制体系,是该类社会问题解决的必由之路。China has entered an aging society,and part of the aging population which lost their ability to live independently or suffer from dementia are in need of the long-term care,while in traditional society,long-term care responsibilities and risks are all borne by the family.With the serious aging of our country,and intensified situation of less children,for the few children family,only child family,and even the so-called ＂ DINK＂ family,when the elderly lost their ability to live independently or suffer from dementia,will face a great disaster.Basing on their legal system of health insurance（medical insurance）,Germany and Japan have built an independent social insurance——the fifth insurance,that is the long-term care insurance legal system.The system converts individual risks into social insurance in the context of sharing the risk of the individuals and their families.China＇s current pension service system may have a certain degree of social welfare,but fundamentally still belongs to the private sector level of service and consumption relationship,and most of the expenditure of the care for the elderly are borne by the individuals and their families.The only way to solve such kind of social problems is to build the legal system of long-term care insurance,while establishing a long-term care insurance institution system and integrating the long-term care service institutions into the legal system.

关 键 词：长期照护 社会服务 社会保险法制 

分 类 号：D912.5[政治法律—民商法学]