1964-2016年广东省某市法定传染病发病谱变化趋势分析  

Trend of incidence spectrum of notifiable infectious diseases in a city of Guangdong,1964-2016

作　　者：陈秀云[1] 王曼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心卫生防疫科,广东中山528403

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第1期12-15,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析广东省某市1964-2016年法定传染病发病谱变化趋势,为制订传染病防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学的方法分析不同年代、不同传播途径的法定传染病发病谱变化趋势。结果 1964-2016年,广东省某市累计报告甲乙类传染病29种共计1 128 322例,报告死亡病例933例,年平均发病率为1 418.55/10万,年平均死亡率为1.17/10万。60~80年代甲乙类传染病发病以呼吸道传染病为主,麻疹、流感、痢疾、百日咳、病毒性肝炎为该时期传染病发病谱的主要优势病种。90年代至今以血源及性传播传染病为主,病毒性肝炎、淋病、梅毒、肺结核为该时期传染病发病谱的主要优势病种。肠道传染病从70年代开始呈现下降趋势,2015年发病率最低为9.80/10万。自然疫源及虫媒传染病从70年代开始发病下降,2010-2016年回升与登革热疫情流行有关。免疫规划相关传染病发病大幅度下降。结论 1964-2016年广东省某市传染病防控工作成效显著,法定传染病发病、死亡总体呈现下降趋势。53年间传染病发病谱发生了根本性的变化。新时期传染病防控工作仍然面临巨大挑战。Objective To analyze the change trend of incidence spectrum of notifiable infectious disease in a city of Guangdong province from t964 to 2016, and to provide scientific basis for formulating control measure. Methods The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the change trend of disease spectrum of notifiable infectious diseases in different ages and different routes of transmission. Results A total of 29 kinds and 1 128 322 cases of A, B class infectious diseases had been reported in a city of Guangdong province from 1964 to 2016, and there were 933 death cases. The average annual incidence rate was 1418.55/lakh, and the average annual mortality rate was 1. 17/lakh. A, B class infectious diseases were mainly composed of respiratory infectious diseases in the 1960s - 1980s, and measles, influenza, dysentery, whooping cough, viral hepatitis were the main diseases of infectious diseases. From 1990s to now,blood sources and sexually transmitted infections were the main diseases. Viral hepatitis, gonorrhea, syphilis and tuberculosis were the main diseases of infectious diseases in this period. The intestinal infectious diseases showed a declining trend from 1970s, and the annual incidence rate was the lowest in 2015（9.80/lakh）. The incidence rate of natural focal and insect borne diseases began to decline from 1970s, and the rise of incidence rate in 2010 - 2016 was related to the prevalence of dengue fever. The incidence rate of immune - related diseases had declined substantially. Conclusion The remarkable achievements are gained in the control and prevention of infectious diseases in a city of Guangdong province from 1964 to 2016. The overall incidence rate and mortality rate of notifiable infectious disease show a declining trend. There is a fundamental change in the spectrum of infectious diseases in past 53 years. The prevention and control of infectious diseases in the new period still faces great challenges.

关 键 词：法定传染病 发病谱 趋势分析 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]