论私营企业承接公共服务的“撇脂”行为及其治理  

On the "Cream-Skimming" Behavior of Private Enterprises in Undertaking Public Services and its Governance

作　　者：张雅勤[1,2,3] 高倩 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学 [2]武汉科技大学湖北省中小企业研究中心 [3]武汉科技大学湖北省非营利组织研究中心 [4]武汉科技大学文法与经济学院

出　　处：《理论与改革》2018年第1期142-151,共10页Theory and Reform

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"政府购买公共服务的‘公共性流失’问题及对策研究"(15CZZ026);湖北省中小企业研究中心重点项目"中小企业承接公共服务的‘撇脂’问题及其对策研究"(SME16K05)

摘　　要：受到"自利基因"和"逐利天性"的驱使,企业在承接公共服务时往往会出现规避公益性服务、提高服务价格、漠视偏远地区和弱势群体等"撇脂"行为。这不仅会引发公共服务公益性、公平性和均衡性的流失,更易诱发政府开启利益输送通道、社会组织产生"自利性效仿"、公民加剧"剥夺感"等恶果,对协作体系造成严重破坏。从公共价值的理论视角分析,"撇脂"问题的实质是私营部门的"自利性"与公共服务的"公共性"之间的价值冲突,而解决这一冲突的根本在于改变公共服务协作体系的"中心—边缘"结构。因此,需要在构建合作治理的宏观视域下,以公共服务精神、公共服务立法、平等合作机制、政府的"元治理"职能来引导私营企业自觉约束自身的"撇脂"行为。Driven by ＂self-benefiting gene＂ and ＂profit-oriented nature＂, enterprises often take the initiative to evade public welfare services, raise service price, and ignore the remote areas and disadvantaged groups, when they undertake public services. It will not only lead to the loss of public welfare, fairness and balance of public services,but also induce the government to open channels for the transfer of interests. Moreover, under the circumstance, it will encourage social organizations to imitate the self-benefiting model and cause the citizens’ feeling of deprivation further intensified. From the theoretical perspective of public value, the essence of the problem of ＂cream-skimming＂ is the value conflict between the self-serving of the private sector and the publicity of public service. The final solution to the conflict is to change the ＂center-edge＂ structure of the system of public service cooperation. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the private-owned enterprises to conscientiously constrain their ＂cream-skimming＂ behavior under the macro-perspective of building cooperative governance with public service spirit, public service legislation, equal cooperation mechanism and government’s meta-governance function.

关 键 词：撇脂 私营企业 公共服务 合作治理 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]