不同钙肥梯度与覆膜对低钙红壤花生根系形态发育及产量的影响  

Effects of different calcium fertilizer gradients and film mulching on root morphological development and yield of peanut(Arachis hypogaca L.) in red soil under calcium deficiency

作　　者：王建国[1,2] 张昊[1] 李林[1,2] 刘登望[1,2] 万书波[3] 王飞 卢山[1] 何翔 易静 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128 [3]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2017年第6期820-826,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);国家花生产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14-邵阳花生综合试验站);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671634);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B230)

摘　　要：通过设置盆栽试验,研究不同钙肥梯度与覆膜栽培对湖南低钙红壤花生根系形态发育特征与产量的影响。结果表明:施钙肥对根系生物量影响较小,覆膜显著增加了根系生物量、总根系长度、体积、表面积。露地栽培Ca50处理(折合每公顷施熟石灰750kg)总根系长度、表面积及体积与Ca0(未施用钙肥)相比,提高幅度分别为49.48%、39.07%、27.91%,Ca25(折合每公顷施熟石灰375kg)与Ca50处理0~20cm土层内根长密度分布比例分别比Ca0处理高13.53%和17.22%。同一钙肥处理下,覆膜栽培不同土层根系表面积和体积表现高于露地栽培。露地栽培中不同钙肥处理根系表面积和体积在0~20cm和40cm以下土层大小顺序为Ca50>Ca25>Ca0,Ca50处理比Ca0提高54.99%、35.97%。总根系长度、0~20cm土层内根系长度和表面积与产量呈极显著正相关,总根系表面积与产量呈显著正相关。钙肥与覆膜有利于湖南低钙红壤花生0~20cm土层内侧根及根毛的生长,增加不同土层根系表面积和体积,有利于获得高植株群体质量、产量和收获指数。Effects of different calcium fertilizer gradients and film mulching on morphological characteristics of peanut root system and yield in red soil under calcium deficiency were studied by setting pot experiment. The results showed that applying calcium fertilizer hardly affected the root biomass of peanut,but film mulching had a significant effect on root biomass,total root length,volume and surface area. Under open field cultivation,total root length,surface area and volume of Ca50 treatment were 49. 48%,39. 07% and 27. 91% higher than that of Ca0 treatment,respectively. The ratio of root length density distribution in 0-20 cm layer of Ca25 and Ca50 treatments was 13. 53% and 17. 22% higher than that of Ca0 treatment. Under the same calcium fertilizer treatment,the root surface area and volume in different soil layers of plastic film cultivation were higher than those in open field cultivation. The order of the surface area and volume of roots in 0-20 cm and 40 cm soil layers in different calcium tre-atments was Ca50 Ca25 Ca0,and the surface area and volume of roots of Ca50 treatment were 54. 99% and35. 97% higher than those of Ca0 treatment,respectively. There was a highly significant positive correlation among total root length,root length or surface area in 0-20 cm soil layer and yield,and there was a significant positive correlation between total root surface area and yield. The main contribution of calcium fertilizer and plastic film to peanut was to promote the development of inner root and capillary root in 0-20 cm soil layer,so that the root system was more developed,and the surface area and volume of root in different soil layers increased,which further improved the ability on absorption and utilization of deep soil water,nutrients and resulted higher plant population quality,yield and harvest index.

关 键 词：花生 钙肥 覆膜 红壤 根系形态 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]