谐振子耦合型热声驱动脉管制冷机研究  

Study on Coupling in a Thermoacoustic Driven Pulse Tube Refrigerator

作　　者：胡江风 胡剑英[1] 徐静远[1,2] 王玮 罗二仓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《制冷学报》2018年第1期56-63,共8页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0901403);国家自然科学基金(51576204)资助项目~~

摘　　要：热声驱动脉管制冷机通常采用直接或者长管耦合的方式,但是因为耦合后的发动机和制冷机难以达到最佳的工作状态,耦合长管的损失也比较大,因此整体效率较低。本文提出一种热声驱动脉管制冷机结构,利用谐振子耦合热声发动机和脉管制冷机,能够显著减小声功传递损失,提升整机效率。全文针对在900 K加热温度、80 K空气液化温区下的热声驱动脉管制冷机展开理论研究,首先分析了谐振子耦合机理,并对谐振子参数进行了优化设计;其次,研究了加热温度、制冷温度和机械阻尼对系统性能影响;最后,将谐振子耦合型与长管耦合型两种方式的热声驱动制冷机进行了对比分析。结果表明:在平均压力为3MPa,加热温度为900 K,制冷温度为80 K时,谐振子耦合的热声驱动制冷机可获得整机22.5%的效率,而长管耦合的热声驱动脉管制冷机获得11.6%的效率。Thermoacoustic-driven pulse tube refrigerators are usually coupled directly or by long tubes called acoustic amplifiers. With these coupling methods, the efficiency of the whole system is quite low because of the nonideal acoustic field and flow losses. This paper describes a new thermoacoustic-driven pulse tube refrigerator that can reduce the transmission loss of sound power and improve efficiency using a mechanical resonator to couple the thermoacoustic engine and pulse tube refrigerator. Theoretical analysis is carried out for a heat-ing temperature of 900 K and cooling temperature of 80 K. First, the coupling mechanism of the resonator is analyzed and the parameters of the mechanical resonator are optimized. Second, the influence of the heating temperature, cooling temperature, and mechanical resist-ance are investigated. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared with the traditional coupling configuration. The results show that the thermoacoustic-driven refrigerator with mechanical resonance attains an exergy efficiency of 22. 5% , whereas the long-tube-coupled ther-moacoustic-driven pulse tube refrigerator only reaches an exergy efficiency of 11. 6%.

关 键 词：热声 脉管制冷机 谐振子 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB651.4