朔州地区窖贮全株玉米青贮质量现状分析  

The status quality analysis of whole-plant corn silage in silos of Shuozhou region

作　　者：王天正 玉柱[1] 许庆方[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [2]山西农业大学,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《饲料工业》2018年第1期57-59,共3页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系[CARS-35];公益性行业(农业)科研专项[201303061];农业技术试验示范专项经费[13162130106232057];内蒙古自治区科技计划项目"苜蓿混合青贮调制技术研究与示范"

摘　　要：为提高窖贮全株玉米青贮质量,给饲喂奶牛提供优质全株玉米青贮饲料,推广奶牛场全株玉米青贮饲料的生产技术,增加奶牛场经济效益,分别对朔州市3家奶牛场进行取样调查,研究分析窖贮全株玉米的发酵品质和营养成分。结果表明,三家奶牛场全株玉米青贮饲料的p H值均低于3.8,氨态氮占总氮的比例均低于7%,且均未检测到丁酸。A奶牛场玉米青贮饲料的氨态氮占总氮比例和粗蛋白含量显著高于B和C奶牛场(P<0.05);与B奶牛场相比,A奶牛场玉米青贮饲料的可溶性碳水化合物含量较高(P<0.05)。在实际生产中,为兼顾玉米产量和质量,三家奶牛场的全株玉米在蜡熟期刈割均取得良好的发酵品质;压实密度在650 kg/m3以上有效减少玉米缝隙间空气的存在,抑制不良微生物的生长;黑白膜的使用降低透氧率,保证青贮质量。同时在研究中,使用青贮添加剂的B和C两家奶牛场全株玉米青贮饲料氨态氮占总氮比例显著低于未使用青贮添加剂的A奶牛场,表明添加剂的使用具有一定生产意义。The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of whole-plant corn silage, to provide high-quality whole-plant corn silage for dairy cows, to popularize the production technology of whole-plant corn silage in dairy farm and to increase the economic benefits of dairy farm. Three dairy farms in Shuozhou region were interviewed, in which the fermentation quality and nutrition value of whole- plant corn silage were sampled and analyzed. The result showed that in all three dairy farms, the pH of whole-plant corn silage was lower than 3.8, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen was lower than 7%DM and no butyric acid was detected. Moreover, compared with B and C dairy farms, the crude protein and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen were higher（P〈0.05） A farm. The water soluble carbohydrate of whole- plant corn silage in A dairy farm was higher than B（P〈0.05）. In practice, in order to take into the yield and quality, whole-plant corn in three dairy farms were harvested in dough stage, and showed good fermentation quality in silage; density of 650 kg/m^3 can effectively reduce the air in forage, which can inhibit the growth of mold and yeast; black and white film can reduce the oxygen permeability, which will ensure the quality of silage. At the same time, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen of the whole-plant corn silage added silage additives in B and C dairy farms was significantly lower than A dairy farm without silage additive, indicated that the use of additives was necessary in practical production.

关 键 词：朔州 奶牛场 全株玉米青贮 青贮窖 

分 类 号：S816.33[农业科学—饲料科学]