论政党在智利政治转型中的作用和特点  

The Roles and Characteristics of Political Parties in the Political Transition of Chile

作　　者：郭慧珍[1] 谭融[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第6期72-81,156,共10页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"非西方国家政治发展道路研究"(编号:15ZDA033);国家社会科学基金一般项目"发展中国家民主化道路比较研究"(编号:13BZZ014)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：学界普遍认为,由于政权精英与温和反对派精英之间达成协议,拉丁美洲国家有可能出现由军人政权向文人政权和民主政体平稳过渡的形态。20世纪80年代以来智利的政治转型即属于此类型。在智利的政治发展和政治转型中,政党作为重要参与者和"中坚力量",在呈高度分裂状态的社会中发挥着中介作用。智利政党在政治转型中表现出几种特征:转型早期政党对社会运动的抑制,政党由极化走向温和与融合,政党联盟由变动性走向制度化和稳定性。政党政治的发展是一国政治发展的表征,政党政治的制度化体现为国家政治的稳定,也是国家长治久安的保证。目前智利民众对政党的支持率呈下降趋势,年轻人普遍对政治持冷漠态度。政党要提升自身的合法地位、赢得选民信任,需要致力于解决不平等和贫困问题。当代智利政党及其政治精英在长期的政治实践中达成了一定的和解与共识,并具有一定的社会基础,从而为解决智利的社会经济政治问题创造了现实条件。It is widely believed that the peaceful transition of Latin American countries from military regime to democratic system has been made possible by political pact signed between elites of the authoritarian regimes and those of the moderate oppositions. This is exactly what had happened in Chile during its political transition in the 1990 s. In a highly divided society like Chile, political parties, as important players and backbone of a political system, played the intermediary role when Chile transited from military authoritarian to democracy. Chilean party politics showed three tendencies in the transitional process: restraining social movements in the early stage, transition from polarization to moderate position and reconcilable attitude,transition from turbulence to institutionalization and stabilization of party alliances. The development of party politics guaranteed the long-term political stability in Chile. Given that the support rates of political parties among Chilean people are descending and the youngsters are commonly indifferent toward politics nowadays,political parties must make great efforts to address the problems of inequality and poverty,so as to maintain their legitimacy and credibility. The political parties and elites have already reached some conciliations and consensus,which has laid the foundation for solving domestic problems in Chile.

关 键 词：智利 政党政治 政治转型 政党联盟 政治精英 

分 类 号：D7[政治法律—政治学]