拉美外来移民史研究的重要性、方法和路径——兼论亚裔移民研究  

The History of Immigration in Latin America: Importance, Research Methods and Paths

作　　者：杜娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第6期134-151,158,共18页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程项目"巴西的日本移民和中国移民比较研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：拉丁美洲曾是世界最大的人口移入地之一,也是近代人口流动最为频繁的地区之一,可谓典型的"种族大熔炉"。15世纪末以来,拉丁美洲出现过4波大规模的国际移民潮。外来移民对拉美的政治、经济、社会、文化等方面产生了长远而深刻的影响。有关拉美外来移民史的研究既有学术价值,也具现实意义。学界既有成果比较注重移民群体与居住国或者与母国的单向联系和影响;并表现出重大国、轻小国的特点;比较研究的时段多集中在移民早期,对象多为欧洲裔移民。因此,未来的拉美外来移民史研究在整体史、国别地区史、专题史和比较研究等方面还有巨大的潜力可以挖掘。我们既要有宏大的历史视野,也要避免陷入碎片化研究;除了欧洲移民的历史,还应加强对非洲和亚洲移民历史的探讨;不仅要关注早期移民,还要重视"新移民"和"移民回流"现象;注重移民、母国和居住国之间的互动关系。此外,外来移民与拉美国家的现代化、多元文化、移民政策、身份认同与国家建构等都是值得深入探讨的问题。Latin America has been one of the world's largest emigration destinations,which is an ethnic melting pot of many different races. There have been four waves of large-scale international migration in this region since 15th century. Foreign migrants have yielded a long-term profound impact on every aspect of Latin America,including politics,economy,society,culture,etc. Many researches had been conducted on the history of foreign migrants in Latin America. However,previous studies of some relevant aspects are inadequate:( 1) focused more on the one-way linkage rather than two-way linkage among migrants, i. e., the linkage between their mother country and host country;( 2) emphasized more on big countries rather than small countries;( 3) paid more attention on early migrants from the mid-nineteenth century to the early 20th century rather than new immigrations;( 4) attached more on European migrants rather than Asian migrants. In general, there is still much research space to be explored for domestic scholars,such as general history,national history,regional history,special history of migrants and comparative studies. Future studies should pay attention to the macro-narrative as well as micro-case study,while avoiding fragmentation of history; emphasize on interactive relations among migrants,receiving countries andexporting countries; pay attention to "emigration inflow"in the end of 20th century. Topics like the relationship between migrants and the modernization process, multi-culture,identity and state-building of Latin American countries are also worth studying.

关 键 词：拉美 外来移民 华侨 契约华工 日本移民 移民回流 种族融合 

分 类 号：D634.3[政治法律—政治学]