施钙与覆膜栽培对缺钙红壤花生钙素积累、分配及利用率的影响  

Effects of Calcium Application and Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation on Accumulation,Distribution and Utilization Efficiency of Ca in Peanut in Red Soil under Ca Deficiency

作　　者：王建国[1,2] 张昊[1] 李林[1,2] 刘登望[1,2] 万书波[3] 王飞 卢山[1] 郭峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128 [3]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《华北农学报》2017年第6期205-212,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);国家花生产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14-邵阳花生综合试验站);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671634);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B230)

摘　　要：为解决南方红壤旱地花生空壳问题,探明花生对钙素吸收及分配的特性,以大籽品种湘花2008和南方典型缺钙红壤为材料,设置3个基施钙肥梯度(不施钙、施钙375 kg/hm^2、施钙750 kg/hm^2,分别标记为Ca0、Ca375、Ca750)和2种栽培方式(露地与覆膜栽培),采用土柱栽培,测定成熟期花生产量、钙素含量、积累、分配特性及钙肥利用率。结果表明:施钙与覆膜栽培提高花生单株生物量、荚果产量。增施钙肥显著提高叶、茎、0~20 cm土层根系、生殖器官的钙素含量,而覆膜降低叶钙素含量。施钙与覆膜栽培显著提高营养器官、生殖器官及整个植株钙素积累量。施钙提高了叶与籽仁钙素分配率、降低20~40 cm,40 cm以下土层根系钙素分配率,而覆膜栽培降低了2014年根系和果针钙素分配率。不同器官钙素含量、积累量、分配率大小顺序:叶>茎秆>果针>根>果壳、籽仁。花生荚果产量和植株钙素累积量呈极显著正相关关系(y=47.353x+367.89,R^2=0.654 8,P<0.000 1)。植株钙吸收量每增加10 kg/hm^2,花生荚果产量增加841 kg/hm^2、籽仁产量增加606 kg/hm^2。不同年份、栽培方式处理的钙素生产效率(PE_(Ca))、钙肥农学利用率(AECa)、钙肥偏生产力(PFPCa)差异较小,但Ca375处理钙肥偏生产力(PFP_(Ca))显著高于Ca750处理。不同钙肥梯度与覆膜栽培对钙肥利用率(CaUE)影响较小。In order to solve the problem of unfruitful peanut pods and explore the characteristics of calcium absorption and distribution of peanut in red soil of Southern China under calcium deficiency, large seed variety Xianghua 2008 and the typical red soil under calcium deficiency were used as material for the soil column experiment. Three calcium fertilizer gradients and two kinds of cultivation methods （open field and plastic film cultivation） were used in this experiment including no calcium （Ca0） , medium calcium fertilizer （Ca375） and high calcium fertilizer （Ca750）. The yield, calcium content, accumulation, distribution characteristics and utilization efficiency of peanut were studied at maturity stage. The results showed that the biomass and pod yield of per peanut were increased by applying calcium and film mulching. Medium and high calcium fertilizer application significantly increased the contents of Ca in leaf, stem, root in 0 -20 cm soil layer and reproductive organs, but the film mulching decreased the content of calcium in leaf. Applying calcium and plastic film mulching cultivation significantly increased Ca accumulation in vegetative organs, reproductive organs and the whole plant. Calcium application increased the distribution radio of leaf and seed kernel and reduced the distribution radio of calcium in root in middle and deeper soil layer, but the film mulching cultivation decreased the the distribution radio of calcium in root and gynophores in 2014. The size order of calcium content, accumulation, distribution radio in different organs was leaf 〉 stem 〉 gynophore 〉 root 〉 shell or seed kernel. There was a significant positive correlation between calcium accumulation of plant and pod yield （y=47.353x ＋367.89, R^2 =0.654 8, P 〈0.000 1）. The yield of peanut pod was increased by 841 kg/ha and seed production was increased by 606 kg/ha when calcium absorption amount of plant increased by 10 kg/ha. Production efficiency （PECa） , agronomic efficiency （AEca） and part

关 键 词：花生 钙 红壤 积累 分配 钙肥利用率 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]