生物炭对农田土壤-植物系统有机碳储量的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Organic Carbon Storage in Farmland Soil-Plant System

作　　者：陈窈君 张迪[1] 胡学玉[1] 张阳阳[1] 陈威[1] 邹娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第11期8-16,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371485);湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2014CFA116)

摘　　要：为探究生物炭对农田土壤有机碳储量以及作物固碳量的作用效应,在长江中下游地区地带性土壤黄棕壤上设置田间小区试验,采用玉米-小麦轮作方式,在不同生物炭用量[0.0 kg/(m^2·a)-(CK)、0.5 kg/(m^2·a)-(BC1)、4.5 kg/(m^2·a)-(BC2)]条件下,对土壤有机碳含量、作物生物量、作物光合固碳量等指标进行了测定分析,并估算了试验条件下农田土壤-植物系统有机碳储量。结果表明:(1)在0~20cm土层,BC2处理两季玉米收获时的土壤有机碳储量(3.72和3.77 kg/m^2)分别比CK处理增加18.93%和19.23%。小麦季BC2的土壤有机碳储量达3.43 kg/m^2,也比CK增加了12.83%。BC1处理比CK虽有增加,但未形成显著差异。土壤有机碳含量是土壤有机碳储量增加的基础。(2)两季玉米收获时其BC1处理的单株固碳量未显著高于对照,BC2处理的玉米单株固碳量(80.06和80.69 g/株)则分别比对照提高6.46%和7.16%。在小麦季,2个生物炭处理的植株单株固碳量均高于对照,尤以BC2处理较为突出,其单株固碳量达到3.06 g/株,比对照显著提高16.17%。作物生物量对植株单株固碳量有显著贡献。(3)就土壤-植物系统有机碳储量而言,BC2处理下,在两季玉米收获时该值分别为4.42和4.50 kg/m^2,显著高于CK处理,增幅达16.75%和17.09%。小麦季BC2处理的土壤-植物系统有机碳储量也达到了3.70 kg/m^2,比CK显著提高13.07%。在三季作物中,土壤有机碳储量占整个土壤-植物系统有机碳储量的80%~93%,土壤是农田生态系统碳增汇的主要来源,减少土壤碳排放可以使整个农田生态系统固定更多的碳。To investigate the effects of biochar addition on organic carbon reserve in farmland soil and fixed-carbon storage of crop, a field experiment of corn/wheat crop-rotationpattem was conducted in yellow-brown soil located in the areas of mid/lower reaches of Yangtze River. Soil organic carbon content, crop mass, crop photosynthetic carbon fixation was mea- sured with the different doses of biochar added, i.e. [ 0.0 kg/（m2· a）-（CK）, 0.5 kg/（m2· a）-（BC 1） and 4.5 kg/（m2· a）-（BC2） ]; and the organic carbon storage in soil-plant system under the test condition was also estimated. Findings of the investigation indi- cated that in the soil layer of 0-20 cm in depth, compared with CK treatment （the control）, the soil organic carbon storage of the corn in two harvest seasons under BC2 treatment （3.72 and 3.77 kg/m2） increased by 18.93% and 19.23% respectively. The soil organic carbon storage of wheat by BC2 treatment was 3.43 kg/m2, 12.83% higher than that by CK; the soil organic car- bon storage of BC1 treatment was more than that by CK, but not very much; and so soil organic carbon content is the basis that resulted in the increase of soil organic carbon storage. Treated by BC1, carbon fixation of individual crop of corn in two harvest seasons was not remarkably higher than that by CK, and compared with CK treatment, the carbon fixation of single crop treated by BC2 （80.06 and 80.69 g/strain） increased by 6.46% and 7.16% respectively; during the wheat season, the car- bon fixation of s single crop with the two biochar treatments was higher than that of CK, especially by BC2 treatment, the carbon fixation of individual crop was 3.06 g/strain, which was 16.17% higher than that of CK; thus crop biomass positively impacted on carbon fixation of individual corp. The organic carbon storage of soil-plant system, when corn treated by BC2 were 4.42 and 4.50 kg/m2 respectively in two harvest seasons, which were significantly higher than those of CK, the increases being 16.75% and 17.09%. When

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤有机碳储量 作物光合固碳量 农田土壤生态系统 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]