培育密度对大珠母贝受精卵的孵化率及不同期幼虫生长率、成活率与变态率的影响  

Effects of Stocking Density on Hatching,Growth,Survival and Metamorphosis at Larval Stages of Pearl Oyster Pinctada maxima

作　　者：梁飞龙[1] 王钦贵 邓岳文[1] 谢绍河[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学珍珠研究所,广东湛江524025 [2]广东绍河珍珠有限公司,广东汕头515822

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2017年第6期75-81,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项(Z2014011;A201008A03;A201101A05)资助

摘　　要：为了确定大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)人工繁育过程中受精卵适宜孵化密度和不同发育期幼虫适宜培育密度,设立四组实验比较了培育密度对大珠母贝育苗效果的影响。实验I,比较了受精卵培育密度对孵化率与幼虫大小的影响,受精卵密度设为10个/mL、20个/mL、30个/mL与40个/mL;实验II,比较了D形幼虫培育密度对生长率与成活率的影响,幼虫密度设为1.0个/mL、2.0个/mL、3.0个/mL与4.0个/mL;实验III,比较了壳顶初期幼虫培育密度对生长率与成活率的影响,幼虫密度为1.0个/mL、1.5个/mL、2.0个/mL与2.5个/mL;实验IV,比较了眼点期幼虫密度对变态率与生长率的影响,眼点幼虫密度设为0.4个/mL、0.8个/mL、1.2个/mL与1.6个/mL。结果表明,大珠母贝受精卵培育密度对孵化率存在显著影响(P<0.05),对幼虫大小影响不显著(P>0.05)。培育密度对D形幼虫与壳顶幼虫的生长率和成活率均存在显著影响(P<0.05),生长率与成活率随着密度增加而降低。培育密度对眼点幼虫的变态率和附着幼苗的生长存在显著影响(P<0.05)。大珠母贝苗种繁育阶段,合适的受精卵培育密度为10-30个/mL,D形幼虫培育密度为1-3个/mL,壳顶初期幼虫为1.0-1.5个/mL,眼点幼虫为0.4-0.8个/mL。In order to determine the appropriate stocking density of egg and larvae of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima at different developmental stages during hatchery production, four experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of stocking density on early performances of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima. In Exp I, the effects of fertilized egg density on hatching rate and growth of D-shaped larvae were investigated. The densities were set at 10, 20, 30 and 40 eggs/mL. In Exp II, the effects of D- shaped larvae density on growth and survival rate were investigated. The densities were set at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 larvae/mL. In Exp III, the effects of umbone larvae density on growth and survival rate were investigated. The densities were set at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 larvae/mL. In Exp IV, the effects of eye-spotted larvae density on growth and metamorphosis rate were investigated. The densities were set at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 larvae/mL. The results showed that effects of densities of fertilized egg on hatching rate （P〈0.05） were significant. However, the effects of densities of fertilized egg on growth of D-shaped larvae were not significant （P〉0.05）. The effects of stocking density on growth and survival rate of D-shaped and umbone larvae were significant （P〈0.05）. Growth and survival rate of D-shaped and umbone larvae decreased with increasing density. The effects of stocking density on growth and metamorphosis rate of eye-spotted larvae were significant （P〈0.05）. The present results suggest that the optimal densities of fertilized egg, D-shaped, early umbone and eye-spotted larvae should be 10-30 eggs/mL, 1.0-3.0, 1.0-1.5 and 0.4-0.8 larvae/mL, respectively, in the hatcher- y production of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima.

关 键 词：大珠母贝 培育密度 孵化率 生长率 成活率 变态率 

分 类 号：S968.316.3[农业科学—水产养殖]