橡胶树无性系‘湛试873’幼树生长及抗性生理研究  

Sapling Growth and Stress Resistance Physiology of Hevea brasiliensis Clone Zhanshi 873

作　　者：贺军军[1] 姚艳丽[1] 张华林[1] 戴小红[1] 马德勇[1,2] 罗萍 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站,广东湛江524013 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2017年第12期2248-2254,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家天然橡胶产业技术体系湛江综合试验站(No.CARS-34-GD1);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所)资助项目(No.2012hzs1J018);广东省自然科学基金资助项目"橡胶树不同品种幼树抗风性比较与机理研究"(No.2016A030310011)

摘　　要：我国橡胶种植区属于非传统植胶区,风寒害是橡胶种植产业发展的主要障碍因子之一。选育抗逆高产品种是我国橡胶种植产业发展的基础性工作。对橡胶无性系‘湛试873’生产性系比试验区和高级系比试验区苗期生长及抗性进行调查,分析自然低温条件下叶片生理指标变化。结果表明:‘湛试873’幼树在高级系比试验区平均增粗6.10 cm,分别是对照‘93-114’和‘南华1’的100.49%和108.93%;风害级别和断倒率分别比‘93-114’重0.22级和3.70%、比‘南华1’轻0.23级和4.18%,寒害级别和4级受害率比‘93-114’重0.24级和4.91%,比‘南华1’分别轻0.60级和14.96%;在低温(≥7℃)寒害时,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量低于‘93-114’,丙二醛含量高于‘93-114’和‘南华1’,POD活性低于‘93-114’和‘南华1’,说明‘湛试873’对低温敏感、膜易受损伤,发生爆皮流胶。总体来看,‘湛试873’幼树生长快,抗风性和抗寒性比‘93-114’弱、比‘南华1’强,可在轻风中寒和轻风轻寒区种植。The planting areas of Hevea brasiliensis in China belong to the non-traditional rubber planting area.The wind damage was one of the main barrier factors in the rubber planting area. Variety breeding of stress resistance and high yield was the fundamental work for the development of China＇s rubber planting industry. This project studied the sapling growth and resistance of Hevea brasiliensis Clone Zhanshi 873 in production clone trial and high clone trial, the leave physiological indices under natural low temperature was anlyzed. Results showed that Zhanshi 873 with sapling stalk size averagely increased by 6.10 cm in the high clone trial, which was 100.49%and 108.93% higher than the control 93-114 and Nanhua No.1, respectively; The wind damage grade and snapping/uprooting rate was 3.70% and 0.22 higher than that of 93-114, 4.18% and 0.23 lower than that of Nanhua No.1;The cold damage grade and 4 th damage percentage was 4.91% and 0.24 higher than that of 93-114, 14.96% and0.6 lower than that of Nanhua No.1; During the cold damage（≥7 ℃）, the soluble protein content was lower than93-114, malondialdehyde（MDA） content was higher than Nanhua No.1, and 93-114. POD activity was lower than93-114 and Nanhua No.1 in the leaves. It meant that Zhanshi 873 was sensitive to low temperate, its membrane was easy to be damaged, which causing bark cracking and latex flowing out. Therefore, the Zhanshi 873 sapling grows relatively fast. with lower wind resistance and cold resistance than that of 93-114, higher wind resistance and cold resistance than that of Nanhua No.1. It could grow in the regions with minor-typhoon and moderate-cold damages.

关 键 词：'湛试873’ 生长 抗性 寒害生理 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]