不同包装材料对龙眼果实贮藏特性的影响  

Effects of Different Packagings on the Storability of Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Fruits

作　　者：韩冬梅[1] 谷李桃 李双双[2] 吴振先[2] 李建光[1] 郭栋梁[1] 潘学文[1] 李荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院广东省果蔬保鲜重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2017年第12期2347-2354,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广东省公益研究与能力建设项目(No.2016A020210042);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(荔枝龙眼体系No.CARS-33-15)

摘　　要：为了筛选不同贮藏温度下龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)果实合适的包装袋,以品种‘石硖’(cv.Shixia)为材料,研究了常温(25±1)℃和低温(5±1)℃下,0.025 mm聚乙烯袋(PE)、0.020 mm双向拉伸聚丙烯袋(BOPP)、0.025 mm乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、0.025 mm中山气调袋(ZSMA)4种包装材料对果实贮藏特性的影响,以"单层0.010 mm PE膜+托盘"(PF1)作为常温贮藏效果对照,0.025 mm PE包装作为低温贮藏效果对照。结果表明:常温下果皮褐变、果肉自溶、果实质量损失率高低顺序分别为PF1>EVA>PE>BOPP≈ZSMA、PF1>PE>BOPP>ZSMA≈EVA、EVA>PF1>PE>ZSMA≈BOPP;低温下分别为EVA>BOPP>ZSMA>PE、PE>ZSMA>EVA>BOPP、EVA>PE≈ZSMA≈BOPP。与常温相比,低温下同一种包装内CO_2体积分数(V/V)显著降低,O_2体积分数(V/V)明显上升。两种贮藏温度下,4种包装中的CO_2体积分数高低顺序均为BOPP>ZSMA>PE>EVA,O_2体积分数则相反;袋内湿度是影响果皮褐变的最主要因素,EVA的透湿性远高于BOPP、PE、ZSMA;BOPP和PE果实因常温与低温差异表现为部分相反结果,果实的CO_2伤害阈值因贮藏温度下降而降低;ZSMA则体现了良好的综合保鲜效果。The effects of environmental factors within different packagings on the storability of longan fruits（Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Shixia） during storage at（25±1）℃ and（4±1）℃ respectively were studied. The treatments including 0.02 mm BOPP bag（Biaxial oriented polypropylene film, marked as BOPP）, 0.025 mm Polyethylene bag（marked as PE）, 0.025 mm EVA bag（ Ethylene-co-vinyl acetate, marked as EVA） and 0.025 mm ZSMA bag（ Zhongshan modified atmosphere packaging bag, marked as ZSMA）, and plastic pallet ＋ single layer of 0.010 mm PE（marked as PF1） as the normal storage temperature check and 0.025 mm PE as the the low storage temperature check were used. The results showed that the orders of pericarp browning index, aril breakdown index and mass loss rate at（ 25 ±1）℃ storage were PF1 EVA PE BOPP ≈ZSMA, PF1 PE BOPP ZSMA ≈EVA and EVA PF1 PE ZSMA ≈BOPP respectively. Whereas, during storage at（ 4 ±1）℃, the orders of them were EVA BOPP ZSMA PE, PE ZSMAEVABOPP and EVAPE≈ZSMA≈BOPP respectively. The volume fraction of CO2（V/V） in the same bag at（4±1）℃ was significantly lower than that at（25 ±1）℃, but the volume fraction of O2（V/V） was higher. Among the 4 treatments, the order of volume fraction of CO2 was BOPPZSMAPEEVA, while the volume fraction of O2 was reversed; and the moisture permeability of EVA was much more higher than that of other packagings. The RH was the most important factor for pericarp browning. In addition, the fruit storability in BOPP and PE bags showed partly opposite results due to temperature variation, the injury threshold value of longan fruit to CO2 varied with storage temperature. The ZSMA bags showed the best combination storability.

关 键 词：龙眼果实 包装 贮藏特性 果皮褐变 果肉自溶 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] S667.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]