绍兴市某蓄电池厂铅作业工人血铅和血液锌原卟啉水平调查  

Analysis on blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin in lead exposed workers in battery factory in Shaoxing

作　　者：樊伟[1] 孟海滨[1] 王若燕[1] 王晶[1] 陈理[1] 

机构地区：[1]绍兴市疾病预防控制中心,浙江312071

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2017年第6期827-830,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的了解绍兴市某蓄电池厂铅作业工人的血铅和血液锌原卟啉(ZPP)水平,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法采集蓄电池厂309名在岗铅作业工人的静脉血,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测血铅,血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定ZPP。结果血铅范围为2.4~720.8μg/L,中位数为267.2μg/L,其中9人血铅超过600μg/L,占2.9%;ZPP范围为0.1~9.4μmol/L,中位数为1.4μmol/L,其中59人ZPP超过2.9μmol/L,占19.1%。血铅超过600μg/L且ZPP超过2.9μmol/L的有5人,占1.6%。男性工人血铅中位数高于女性(Z=3.60,P<0.05),但ZPP中位数低于女性(Z=-2.80,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义,血铅和ZPP中位数均随着年龄增加而升高。切刷耳、脱模和烧片工人的血铅平均值较高,中位数分别为406.6、344.5和318.7μg/L;切刷耳、胶封和包片工人的ZPP平均值较高,中位数分别为3.7、2.1和1.9μmol/L,铅中毒工人的工种均为切刷耳。结论该蓄电池厂部分工种的工人血铅和ZPP超标情况较严重,以切刷耳尤为突出,相关部门应监督该企业改革生产工艺并定期进行职业健康监护,预防职业性铅中毒的发生。Objective To understand the level of blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin（ ZPP） among workers exposed to lead in a storage battery factory,and provide scientific basis for making preventive measures. Methods The veinal blood samples were collected from 309 workers exposed to lead in the battery factory. The blood lead were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,and ZPP were measured by blood zinc protoprophyrin. Results The blood lead of 309 workers exposed to lead blood ranged from 2. 4 to 720. 8 μg/L,the median was 267. 2 μg/L,9 workers exceeded 600 μg/L,accounting for 2. 9%. The ZPP ranged from 0. 1 to 9. 4 μmol/L,the median was 1. 4 μmol/L,59 workers exceeded 2. 9 μmol/L,accounting for 19. 1%. There were 5 workers whose blood lead exceeded 600 μg/L and ZPP exceeded 2. 91 μmol/L,accounting for 1. 6%. The median blood lead level of male workers was higher than that of female（ Z = 3. 60,P 〈 0. 05）,but the median value of ZPP was lower than that of female（ Z =-2. 80,P 〈 0. 05）. The median blood lead and ZPP increased with age. The median blood lead of cut brush ear,demoulding and burn film workers were higher,the median were 406. 6,344. 5 and 318. 7 μg/L respectively; the average ZPP value of cut brush ear,rubber seal and package film workers were higher,the median were 3. 7,2. 1 and 1. 9 μmol/L respectively. All of the lead poisoning workers were cutting brush ear works.Conclusion The blood lead and ZPP of part of the battery factory workers exceeded the standard seriously,especially the cut brush ear workers,the relevant departments should strengthen supervision and urge the plant to reform the production process and carry out occupational health surveillance for the lead exposed workers regularly,prevent and control the occupational lead poisoning.

关 键 词：蓄电池厂 铅作业 血铅 血液锌原卟啉 

分 类 号：R135.11[医药卫生—劳动卫生]