灰木莲二次开合开花动态与雌雄异熟特征  

Flowering dynamics and dichogamy characteristics of Manglietia glauca for two-time flower opening and closure

作　　者：潘丽琴 郝建[1,2,4] 徐建民[2] 陈建全 卢立华[1,4] 刘志龙[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥532600 [2]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520 [3]西南林业大学,云南昆明650204 [4]广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站,广西凭祥532600

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2018年第1期96-103,共8页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CAFYBB2016QA014);中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心主任基金资助项目(RL2015-01)

摘　　要：为了研究灰木莲Manglietia glauca在中国引种地区的开花及雌雄异熟特征对其生殖的影响,以中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心树木园、白云实验场、伏波实验场的灰木莲人工林作为观测对象,调查研究灰木莲在该地区的花期物候、开花动态、花期不同阶段的花粉活力及柱头可授性。结果表明:(1)在引种地区广西凭祥,灰木莲的花期主要集中在3月上旬至5月下旬,个别单株1月下旬就开花,偶尔出现1 a中2次花期,第2次花期从10月中旬持续到12月上旬。(2)在花期不同阶段,由于气温条件不同,灰木莲的开花表现不同模式的二次开合现象,开花各进程发生的时间,以及二次展花间隔时间差异较大。(3)灰木莲在单花内表现为雌雄异熟,雌蕊先熟,雌蕊位于雄蕊上部,在时间和空间上均避免了自花传粉发生。灰木莲在单株水平上为同步集中式开花,同一植株第1轮花的花粉释放时间正好为第2轮花发生初次展花柱头活力最强的时间,2轮花的雌雄性征表达均较强,重叠可达1~6 h,保证它在有限的可授期内授粉成功。(4)灰木莲异株异花、同株异花及自花授粉皆能正常结实,异株异花授粉结实率明显较同株异花和自花授粉高,表明其繁育习性是以异交为主,但存在自交亲和的现象;灰木莲不同花期的授粉结实率以低温的始花期最低,过渡期和盛花期较高,说明低温不利于其受精及胚胎发育。To study the influence of flowering dynamics and dichogamy characteristics on sexual reproduction of Manglietia glauca in the introduced area of Pingxiang, Guangxi, three stands of M. glauca were selected as the study area. Based on the flowering phenology and flowering dynamics, pollen and stigma viability in different flowering stages were tested. Results showed that（1） M. glauca started to bloom in late January, reached full bloom in late March, and lasted to early May. M. glauca occasionally bloomed twice a year with the second flowering phase lasting from the middle of October to early December.（2）Due to temperature difference in different flowering stage, the duration of each phase in flowering process was different, appeared different two-time flower opening and closure pattern.（3） Manglietia glauca showed dichogamy and protogyny in its flowering process with the pistil located in the upper stamens to avoid the possibility of self-pollination that could occur both in time and space. M. glauca also bloomed for centralized synchronization in single plant level. When flower pollen was released during the first round of flowering, pistil viability in the second round of flowering was stronger. The time of strongest expression for both male and female sexuality overlapped from 1-6 h, and this provided opportunity for successful pollination.（4） After artificial xenogamy, geitonogamy, and self-pollination, the fruits and seeds could be set with the pollination success rate of xenogamy being highest（68%）.The pollination success rate was lowest（40%） in the initial flowering period with the lowest temperatures, but the pollination success rate was higher in the transition period（65%） and bloom stage（68%） with higher temperatures. The high pollination success rate of xenogamy indicated that M. glauca had priority for out-crossing but was self-compatible to some degree, and the pollination success rate of the initial flowering period, the transition period, and the bloom stage indicated

关 键 词：植物学 灰木莲 开花动态 二次开合 雌雄异熟 

分 类 号：S796[农业科学—林木遗传育种]