收获方式对油菜收获损失构成特征的影响  

The Effect of Different Harvest Methods on Formation of Rape Harvest Loss

作　　者：梁苏宁[1] 沐森林[1] 汤庆[1] 张敏[1] 吴崇友[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农机化研究》2018年第3期134-140,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(穗粒类收获机械)项目(2014-2018);国家现代油菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-13);国家重点研发计划"智能农机装备"项目(2016YFD0702100)

摘　　要：为探求不同收获方式对油菜收获损失构成影响,在相同试验条件下,对现有国内油菜人工收获、机械收获进行田间收获效果实测对比试验,检测了割台损失、脱粒清选损失率等指标数据。结果表明:在籽粒含水率相同的收获条件下,割台损失率依次为:人工收获>机械分段收获>机械联合收获;脱粒清选损失率依次为机械联合收获>人工收获>机械分段收获;总损失率依次为:人工收获>机械分段收获>机械联合收获。方差分析表明:不同的收获方式对总损失率、割台损失率和清杂脱粒损失率影响均极显著。在试验分析的基础上,对收获方式进行了评价,可为生产者选择收获方式提供参考。Rape seed is an important oil crop that has significance for safeguard edible vegetable oil suppliers to China.Rape seed losses have significantly different results by using different harvesting methods. At present,a lot of researches have been done by many domestic and foreign scholars on harvesting loss. However,the most researches were aimed at the loss rate of only single harvesting method instead of comparative experiment of harvesting loss rate,especially harvesting loss structure affected by different harvesting methods in the current studies. In order to deeply research the merits and demerits of three harvesting methods,a field experiment was conducted from May to June,2015 and 2016 that located in Suzhou city,Jiangsu province. The experiment was carried out to identify three harvesting methods（ Artificial harvest,Combine harvest,Segment harvest） that effect on harvesting loss structure in this paper,which aimed to test the weight of loss seed,the weight of seed remained inside the harvester,the weight of seed dropped from the hit by cutting table,the weight of harvested seed and so on,and then calculate the loss rate according to the data. Through the comparative tests of rape seed harvest by artificial,mechanical harvest respectively. The indicators including the cutting loss rate,cleaning and threshing loss rate and others was used to comparative analyze the loss structure of different harvesting methods. The data indicated that： In the same harvesting condition,the total loss rate manifested as： artificial harvest（ 12. 56%） 〉Segment harvest（ 8. 98%） 〉Combine harvest（ 7. 84%）; It is mainly because laying-drying-bundling loss rate and transport loss rate of artificial harvest are large,but the loss rate of machine har vest were decreased with continuously research and improvement of harvesting machinery. Cutting loss rate as artificial harvest（ 4. 316%）〉 segment harvest（ 3. 25%） 〉combine harvest（ 3. 12%）; The cutting loss rate of artificial harvest must be the su

关 键 词：油菜 收获方式 损失构成 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]