垂直螺旋式定量施肥机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Quantitative Fertilizer Distributor with Vertical Screw

作　　者：汪洋[1] 夏志林 何家成[1] 赵进[1] 刘宏博[1] 何培祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715 [2]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2018年第5期88-92,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：中央高校基本业务费专项(XDJK2017D193;XDJK2016E049)

摘　　要：针对目前机械式施肥机排肥量控制精度和排肥均匀性较差的问题,设计了一种垂直螺旋式定量施肥机。该施肥机由垂直螺旋排肥装置、行走检测装置和控制系统组成,控制系统包括硬件电路和软件程序,行走检测装置检测施肥机行走信号,控制系统根据行走轮行走速度,并结合当前设置施肥量控制排肥电机转速,从而达到定量施肥的目的;安装于垂直螺旋和排肥管之间的排肥口挡板避免了不施肥时漏肥的情况。试验表明:垂直螺旋式定量施肥机施肥量与行走速度无关,仅取决于设置施肥量,施肥量控制误差在4%以内,施肥量控制精度高;变速行走时,排肥量均匀性变异系数不超过3%,排肥均匀性好。该施肥机为定量施肥机的设计提供了参考,提高了农业机械的机电一体化程度。The mechanical fertilizer distributor has low quality of control accuracy for fertilizer quantity and fertilizing uniformity. Thus,a quantitative fertilizer distributor with vertical screw was designed in this paper. The fertilizer distributor consisted of vertical screw fertilizing device,speed detection device and control system. The vertical screw fertilizing device consisted of vertical screw,fertilizing motor,drive and driven pulley,synchronous belt,fertilizer outlet motor,fertilizer outlet damper and fertilizer pipe. The speed detection device consisted of Hall element and 12 magnets installed evenly in the wheel. The speed detection device detected the fertilizer distributor＇s walking signal and sent it to the control system. The control system computed the speed and control the fertilizing motor＇s rotation rate to adjust the vertical screw ＇s rotation rate. The fertilizing outlet damper installed between the vertical screw and the fertilizing pipe avoided the leakage of fertilizer. The experiment results showed that the fertilizer quantity of the quantitative fertilizer distributor is irrelevant to its speed and only depends on the setting fertilizing quantity. That the control error of fertilizer quantity was less than 4% indicated the fertilizer distributor has high control accuracy. That the coefficient of variation of the fertilizer quantity was less than 3% when it worked with variable speed showed the fertilizer distributor has good fertilizing uniformity. This study could provide a reference for the research and design of quantitative fertilizer distributors and enhance the mechatronics degree of agricultural machinery.

关 键 词：施肥机 垂直螺旋 定量 控制系统 排肥电机 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]