穴盘育苗基质覆土装置的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Soil-covering Device of Plug Seedling

作　　者：高原源 王秀[1,2,3] 冯青春 范鹏飞[1,2,3] 赵学观 

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]农业智能装备技术北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [4]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农机化研究》2018年第5期98-104,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养项目(2015000020060G134)

摘　　要：工厂化育苗中,覆土环节是种子成苗、壮苗的关键,直接影响育苗素质。基于成本考虑,育苗种植户常采用普通床土作为覆土基质,替代价格较高的蛭石。因床土湿度大、颗粒粗糙,易造成现有辊式和带式覆土装置出现基质堵塞和带土打滑现象。为此,提出一种角钢链条式基质覆土装置,包括基质覆土装置、穴盘传送平台和控制系统。工作时,通过焊接在链条上的角钢将料斗中基质刮出,改变履带和覆土速度差实现覆土厚度调节,并采用光电传感器,通过控制系统实现穴盘的自动覆土。对样机进行覆土均匀性试验,结果表明:装置对基质干湿度适应性较好,当覆土厚度大于9.59mm时,样机覆土均匀性较好;未进行覆土刮平情况下,覆土面较为平整,变异系数小于10%,满足育苗作业需求。Under the background of factory seedling,as a key of plug seedling,the soil-covering part is related to the covering thickness,which directly influences the quality of seeds germination. With the consideration of cost,the growers often use the common bed soil instead of the expensive vermiculite as the seedling substrate. However,the existing devices of the covering part aren＇t suitable for the low-quality substrate that the farmers used because of its high humidity and rough granular,which often cause the covering roller blocking. Based on these problems,a covering device equipped with the angle steel-chain was put forward. This device is mainly composed of three parts： soil-covering device,trays transmission platform and control system. The angle steels which were welded to the chain scraped the substrate in the hopper to the trays automatically. In addition,the device could adjust the covering thickness by changing the speed difference of transmission mechanism and soil-covering mechanism. The results of the covering uniformity test showed that the device was more suitable for the low-quality substrate,and no blocking phenomenon occurred. Besides that,when the covering thickness was more than 9. 59 mm,the coefficient of variation（ CV） of the covering uniformity was less than 10%,and the soil covering surface was smooth without the leveling mechanism,which met the requirement of the plug seedling. This paper could provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the follow-up device.

关 键 词：穴盘育苗 基质覆土 角钢链条 均匀性 

分 类 号：S223.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]