自贡市足月儿前囟发育规律及形状与头围智力发育的相关性分析  

Analysis on the correlations between anterior fontanel development law and shape of full-term infants and head circumference and intelligence development in Zigong city

作　　者：胡旭东[1] 林莉[1] 宋英 

机构地区：[1]自贡市第一人民医院儿科,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2018年第1期108-111,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的探讨足月儿童前囟的发育规律及形状与头围智力发育的相关性。方法选取2012年和2015年在自贡市第一人民医院儿保科接受系统管理的具备完整资料的足月婴幼儿880例为研究对象,收集婴儿出生后11个不同时间点的头围及前囟测量数据,并进行比较分析。所有婴幼儿均于3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月、36个月做Gesell检查以检测其智力发育情况,并与头围及前囟测量数据进行相关性分析。结果 2012年和2015年男童各年龄组头围比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2012年12个月龄女童组头围长度值小于2015年12个月龄女童组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他年龄组头围比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2012年和2015年男童1个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月龄组前囟测量值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2012年和2015年女童1个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、1岁3个月龄组前囟测量值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同前囟大小儿童的发育商(DQ)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。婴儿3个月龄时前囟最大,3~6个月有一平台期,以后逐渐缩小至闭合。前囟平面形状多为菱形,个别与后囟相通,但均于5个月龄后矢状缝闭合而变为彗星状或菱形;部分于6个月龄变为火山口状,最大深度0.5 cm,少数在24个月后仍为火山口状。结论单一的前囟大小、形状临床意义较小;随着生活水平的提高,我国儿童体格发育水平和营养状况均有明显的改善,正常儿童的头围和前囟闭合年龄需要再修订。Objective To explore the correlations between anterior fontanel development law and shape of full-term infants and head circumference and intelligence development in Zigong city. Methods A total of 880 full-term infants having intact data and receiving system management in the First People＇s Hospital of Zigong in 2012 and 2015 were selected,the data of head circumference and anterior fontanel measured value at 11 different time points after birth was collected,then the results were compared and analyzed. Gesell examination were performed at 3,6,12,18,24,and 36 months to detect the status of intelligence development. The correlations with head circumference and anterior fontanel measured value were analyzed. Results In 2012 and 2015,there was no statistically significant difference in head circumference among boys in different age groups（ P0. 05）. Among the girls aged 12 months,head circumference of girls in 2012 was statistically significantly less than that in 2015（ P0. 05）,but there was no statistically significant difference in head circumference among age groups（ P0. 05）. Among the boys at 1,3,9,and 12 months after birth,there were statistically significant differences in anterior fontanel measured value between 2012 and 2015（ P0. 05）. Among the girls at 1,3,9,and 12 months after birth,there were statistically significant differences in anterior fontanel measured value between 2012 and 2015（ P 0. 05）. There was no statistically significant difference in development quotient（ DQ） among the children with different anterior fontanel measured values（ P0. 05）. Anterior fontanel measured value was the highest at 3 months after birth,then there was a plateau at 3-6 months after birth,finally anterior fontanel closed gradually. Most anterior fontanel was rhombus,and anterior fontanel of few infants connected with posterior fontanelle,but with the close of sagittal suture,the shape turned to comet formation and rhombus at 5 months after birth,partial broadly nipple-shaped anterior fontane

关 键 词：前囟 体格检查 婴幼儿 生长发育 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]