注意缺陷多动障碍4岁幼儿的执行功能特点  

The Features of the Executive Functions of 4-Year-Old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

作　　者：陈昱翀 何珍 文萍 

机构地区：[1]重庆城市管理职业学院,重庆401331 [2]广西师范大学教育学部认知神经科学与应用心理广西高校重点实验室,桂林541004 [3]广西幼儿师范高等专科学校,南宁530022

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2017年第12期39-45,共7页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：广西教育科学“十二五”规划重点项目“学龄前儿童执行功能障碍与攻击性关系研究”(编号:2015B-09)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：为探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)4岁幼儿的执行功能的特点,本研究以单纯ADHD幼儿、ADHD+DBD幼儿和普通幼儿为研究对象,采用白天-黑夜测验、字形Stroop测验、熊猫-狮子测验、奖励延迟测验、数点数测验和找贴画测验对其抑制控制、工作记忆和"冷""热"执行功能进行评定,结果发现:(1)单纯ADHD幼儿和ADHD+DBD幼儿在"冷""热"执行功能任务上的表现都明显比普通幼儿差,说明ADHD的执行功能缺损既有认知加工落后,也有动机加工落后,"冷""热"执行功能双重缺陷是ADHD幼儿的显著特点,且这种"双重缺陷"的障碍加工模式在学龄前期已经显现。(2)ADHD+DBD患儿的"热"执行功能表现较ADHD患儿差,说明共患DBD会导致ADHD患儿的"热"执行功能障碍变得更加显著。This study aims to explore the features of the executive functions of 4-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders （DBD）, by testing certain 4-year-old children, including children with ADHD, children with ADHD plus DBD, and typically developing children, with the day-night swoop task, the word-shape stroop task, the panda-lion task, the reward delay task, the point-counting task, and the sticker-finding task to evaluate their inhibition, working memory, ＂cool＂ and ＂hot＂ executive functions. The results show the following： （1） The children with ADHD and with ADHD plus DBD scored significantly lower than the typically developing children in the ＂cool＂ and ＂hot＂ executive functions, indicating that the ADHD children＇s defects in executive functions involved both insufficient cognitive processing and insufficient emotional processing, and that these children were characterized by the dual-defects of ＂cool＂ and ＂hot＂ executive functions, which had been shown prior to preschool education; （2） the children with ADHD plus DBD scored significantly lower than the children with ADHD in the ＂hot＂ executive functions, indicating that comorbid DBD significantly strengthened the ＂hot＂ executive functions of the children with ADHD.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 破坏性行为障碍 幼儿 执行功能 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]