太原父母教养方式与儿童气质类型对非故意伤害的影响  

Influence of parenting style and children's temperament types on unintentional injury and their interactions

作　　者：胡瑞杰[1] 康辉 唐颖[1] 马自芳[1] 薛钟瑜 王莉[1] 王祝欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生教研室,太原030001 [2]山西医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第12期1856-1858,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81402701);山西医科大学大学生创新创业校级项目(20160302)

摘　　要：目的探讨父母教养方式、儿童气质类型对非故意伤害的影响,为预防儿童非故意伤害采取更有效、更有针对性的措施提供科学依据。方法 2015年4—10月,采用多阶段抽样方法,在太原市6个城区和4个郊县区抽取小学四、五年级2 644名学生分别进行非故意伤害问卷、父母教养方式问卷、儿童气质问卷调查。结果 2 644名小学生中,非故意伤害检出率为22.8%。经广义线性混合效应模型分析,不同父母教养方式和气质类型儿童非故意伤害发生情况均不同(F值分别为5.269,4.995,P值均<0.01);教养方式与气质类型对儿童非故意伤害发生频次的影响有交互作用(F=170.525,P<0.01)。当教养方式为专制型时,相对于易养型气质类型,难养型、中间偏易养型是非故意伤害倾性的保护因素(B值分别为-116.611,-119.204,P值均<0.05);当教养方式为不一致型时,相对于易养型气质类型,中间偏易养型是非故意伤害倾性的保护因素(B=-246.178,P=0.001),启动缓慢型是危险因素(B=212.175,P<0.01)。结论父母教养方式与儿童气质类型除直接影响儿童非故意伤害发生情况外,两者之间存在交互作用。不同教养方式和儿童气质类型的组合对非故意伤害发生情况影响不同。Objective To explore the influence of parenting style,children＇s temperament type on unintentional injury and the relationship between them. Methods The survey lasted six months（ April to October 2015） and using multi-stage sampling method. One primary school was selected respectively in 6 urban areas and 4 rural areas in Taiyuan city. In each primary school,2-3 classes were randomly selected respectively from grade 4 and 5. All students in the selected classes as investigation object,a total of 2 644 students were studied in 10 schools. Results The unintentional injury detection rate was 22.8%. The generalized linear mixed effect model analysis showed that the occurrence of children＇s unintentional injury was different in the different parenting style（ F= 5.269,P〈0.01）; the occurrence of children＇s unintentional injury was different in the different children＇s temperament types（ F= 4.995,P〈0.01）; there was an interactive effect on the frequency of unintentional injury between parenting style and temperament type（ F = 170.525,P〈0.01）.When parenting style was authoritarian,compared with the type of easy to raise type,the type that is difficult to raise（ B =-116.611,P = 0.016） and the middle one to easy raise（ B =-119.204,P = 0.003） were the protective factors of intentional injury; When parenting style was inconsistent type,compared with the type of easy to raise type,the middle one to easy raise（ B =-246.178,P = 0.001） was the protective factor of intentional injury; slow start type temperament types（ B =212.175,P〈0.01） is the risk factor for unintentional injury. Conclusion Parenting styles and children＇s temperament types has interaction effects besides directly affecting the unintentional injury to children,the combination of different parenting styles and child temperament types has different effects on unintentional injury.

关 键 词：行使父母职责 气质 创伤和损伤 儿童 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R264[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]