高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片形态及解剖结构对海拔的响应  

Responses of leaf morphological and anatomical structure to elevation in an alpine plant Meconopsis integrifolia

作　　者：刘梦颖 刘光立[2] 康永祥[1] 张硕[2] 吴云[2] 王玉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]四川农业大学,成都611130

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第1期35-42,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家林业局公益性行业专项"秦岭山地植物多样性研究"(201504320);国家自然科学基金项目(31370436)资助

摘　　要：为了阐明高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿(Meconopsis integrifolia)对海拔及高山环境的形态学适应特征,沿海拔梯度选择了5个海拔的全缘叶绿绒蒿分布区域(3681、3841、4081、4215和4452 m),采用常规石蜡制片技术和显微观察方法,对其形态及叶片解剖结构进行了研究。结果表明:随着海拔的升高,株型方面,全缘叶绿绒蒿的株高、基径逐渐减小;叶片形态方面,叶片逐渐变小,叶形逐渐狭长,具体表现为叶片长度、宽度逐渐减小,叶片长宽比逐渐增大;叶片解剖结构方面,叶片厚度、表皮细胞厚度、海绵组织厚度、组织疏松度及中脉直径呈减小趋势;栅栏组织厚度、栅海厚度比、组织紧密度呈增大趋势;叶表皮结构方面,叶片表皮毛密度、气孔密度及气孔指数均呈增大趋势。此外,解剖结构指标之间大多呈现出明显的协同进化,各形态指标对海拔的变化表现出较大的可塑性。全缘叶绿绒蒿形态及叶片解剖结构在不同海拔上表现出的这种差异,可能是植物长期适应高山复杂环境的结果。In order to reveal the adaptive mechanism of the we compared foliar structure of M. integrifolia in Mount alpine plant Meconopsis integrifolia, Balang along an elevation gradient （3681, 3841, 4081, 4215, 4452 m）, using paraffin wax slices method and micro-imaging tech- nique. We found that there existed differences in foliar traits along the altitudinal gradient. With the increase of altitudes, the patterns of foliar traits were as follows ： （ 1 ） plant height and basal diameter decreased; （2） leaf length and width decreased, while length-width ratio increased; （3） palisade mesophyll thickness, palisade-sponge mesophyll thickness ratio and leaf cell tense ratio showed an increase, while the thickness of leaf, epidermis, sponge mesophyll, the midrib diameter, sponge ratio decreased ; （4） leaf trichome density, stomatal density as well as stomatal index showed a trend of increase. Besides, we analyzed the correlation between the anatomical characteristics of leaves, and investigated the response and ecological adaptability of plant char- aeteristics to different altitudes. The results indicated the occurrence of a significant co-evolution between anatomical indexes in leaves. In particular, indexes such as plant height and leaf size ex- hibited high plastic responses to altitudes. All these suggested that differences in either morpho- logical or anatomical structure of M. integrifolia along the altitudinal gradient might result from its adaptation to complex alpine environment.

关 键 词：海拔 形态 解剖结构 可塑性 全缘叶绿绒蒿 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]