高温高湿交互对设施番茄叶片光合特性的影响  

Effect of high humidity and high temperature interaction on photosynthetic characteristics of greenhouse tomato crops

作　　者：杨世琼[1] 杨再强[1,2] 王琳 李军[3] 张曼义[1] 李凯伟 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [3]上海市气候中心,上海200030

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第1期57-63,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41775104);十二五"国家支撑计划项目(2014BAD10B07)资助

摘　　要：为了揭示高温高湿交互作用对设施番茄叶片光合特性的影响,以番茄品种"金粉五号"为试材,在人工气候箱中进行L_9(3~3)正交试验,设置3个温度水平(35℃(昼温)/18℃(夜温)、38℃/18℃、41℃/18℃)、3个湿度水平(白天空气相对湿度50%±5%、70%±5%、90%±5%)和3个持续时间(3、6、9 d),并以28℃/18℃、45%~55%为对照处理(CK),测定植株叶片的光合参数和荧光动力参数。结果表明:高温高湿处理条件下净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、PSII最大量子效率(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、电子传递速率(ETR)较CK均有不同程度的降低,而胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)以38℃/18℃、70%处理下最小,气孔限制值(Ls)以38℃/18℃、90%处理下最小。极差法分析表明:38℃/18℃、35℃/18℃、41℃/18℃、70%、50%、90%处理下叶片P_n较CK分别降低了30.1%、21.4%、51.9%、31.2%、31.4%、38.6%;3 d、6 d和9 d处理下各指标的差异不显著;高温是影响设施番茄叶片P_n的主要胁迫因素(P<0.05),高湿为次要胁迫因素,高温高湿交互作用对叶片P_n具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。研究证实,当最高气温上升至38℃以上时,适当增加空气相对湿度至65%~75%,可有效降低高温胁迫对设施番茄的危害。In order to reveal the effects of high temperature and high humidity interaction on photosynthetic characteristics of tomato leaves, a L9 （3-3） orthogonal test with tomato cv. ‘Jinfen 5’ was carried out in artificial climate chamber. To measure the photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence dynamic parameters of different treatments, three levels of influencing factors were set： Temperature of 35 ℃ （daytime）/18 ℃ （nighttime）, 38 ℃/18 ℃, 41 ℃/18 ℃）, relative air humidity of daytime （50%±5%, 70%±5%, 90%±5%）, treatment days （3, 6, 9 d）, and 28 ℃/18 ℃, 45%-55% as a control （CK）. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, transpiration rate （Tr）, water use efficiency （WUE）, PSII maximum quantum efficiency （Fv/Fm）, photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） and electron transfer rate （ETR） were significantly lower than the CK, while the intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） was the lowest in the 38 ℃/18 ℃, 70% air humidity treatment, stomatal limitation （Ls） was the lowest in the 38 ℃/18 ℃, 90% air humidity treatment. Compared to the CK, leafPn under temperatures of 38 ℃/18 ℃, 35 ℃/18 ℃, 41 ℃/18 ℃, and humidity of 70%, 50%, 90% decreased by 30.1%, 21.4%, 51.9%, 31.2%, 31.4% and 38.6%, respectively. No obvious differences in these indicators were observed among the treatment durations of 3 days, 6 days and 9 days. High temperature was the main stress factor affecting the Pn of tomato（P〈0.05）, and high humidity was a second stress factor; the interaction of high temperature and high humidity had a significant effect onPn （P〈0.01）. This study confirmed that when the maximum air temperature rises above 38 ℃, appropriate increase in air relative humidity to 65%-75% can effectively reduce the heat stress on tomato damage.

关 键 词：高温高湿 番茄 正交实验 光合作用 叶绿素荧光参数 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2