贺兰山高山麝冬春季的食性  

Winter and spring diet composition of Moschus chrysogaster in the Helan Mountains,China

作　　者：徐嘉 暴旭 刘振生[1,2] 高惠[1] 赵唱 孙玉姣 王继飞 滕丽微[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]国家林业局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150040 [3]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,银川750021

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第1期111-118,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务项目(2572014CA03和DL13EA01);东北林业大学大学生创新训练项目(201610225077);国家自然科学基金项目(31372221)资助

摘　　要：利用粪便显微分析法对贺兰山高山麝冬春季的食性进行了研究。采集高山麝活动区域内粪样和植物样本,采用频率转换法对数据进行处理,得到高山麝冬春季的食性组成及比例。结果表明:高山麝冬季共取食植物19科30种(属),其中蔷薇科(17.16%)、忍冬科(16.64%)、豆科(15.64%)和莎草科(10.93%)组成了高山麝冬季的主要食物;春季共取食植物20科31种(属),其中蔷薇科(27.37%)、杨柳科(13.28%)和豆科(12.84%)为主要食物;秦氏黄芪(Astragalus chingianus)为冬春季共同的主要食物,分别占冬春季食物的11.33%和11.04%;此外,高山麝也取食乔木类植物,取食量从冬季的9.53%上升至春季的18.67%;根据高山麝粪样镜检结果,计算其取食植物的Shannon指数、均匀度指数、生态位宽度指数,分析高山麝食物组成及其多样性,结果显示,3种指数冬季均高于春季。The faeces of alpine musk deer （Moschus chrysogaster） were collected in the Helan Mountains, and the feeding habits of winter and spring were studied by the fecal microhistological analysis. The fecal and plant samples were collected from the habitats of alpine musk deer. The diet proportion of alpine musk deer in winter and spring was processed by frequency conversion method. The results showed that alpine musk deer＇s diets in winter belonged to 30 species of 19 families, including 17.16% of Rosaceae, 16.64% of Caprifoliaceae, 15.64% of Fabaceae, 10.93% of Cyperaceae, being the main food of alpine musk deer in winter. Alpine musk deer＇ s diets in spring belonged to 31 species of 20 families, including 27.37% of Rosaceae, 13.28% of Salicaceae, 12.84% of Fabaceae, being the main food of alpine musk deer in spring. Among them, Astragalus chingianus was the main species common to winter and spring, accounting for 11.33% and 11.04% of spring and winter food, respectively. In addition, alpine musk deer also feed arbors, with food intake from 9.53% in winter to 15.67% in spring. Analyses of the food composition and diversity of alpine musk deer showed that Shannon diversity index, Shannon eventless index and niche width index were higher in winter than in spring.

关 键 词：高山麝 食性 显微粪便分析法 冬季 春季 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]