云南大山包黑颈鹤自然保护区鸟类多样性及其与生境结构的关系  

Bird diversity and its correlation with the habitat structure in Dashanbao Black-necked Cranes Nature Reserve

作　　者：杨永霞 白皓天[1] 傅伟[1] 彭明春[1] 赵子蛟 吴太平 冉秋月 吴兆录[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明650500 [2]云南昭通大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区管理局,云南昭通65700

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第1期147-156,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471149)资助

摘　　要：2015—2016年4个季节,采用样线法和样点法结合调查鸟类并基于遥感信息分析生境结构,研究了大山包自然保护区9个1 km^2样点鸟类多样性及其与生境的关系。结果表明:大山包共有鸟类16目41科127种,包含国家重点保护鸟类14种;雀形目、雁形目、鸻形目鸟类为主,共27科80种,数量最多的是斑头雁(Anser indicus)、小云雀(Alauda gulgula)、黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis),共占总数量的50.09%;种类以留鸟(占49.61%)和鸣禽(51.97%)为主,数量以冬候鸟(58.13%)和水鸟(60.28%)为主;40.94%的种类和60.28%的数量均偏好水域湿地生境类型;Pearson相关系数表明,水域面积占比与冬季和春季鸟类数量显著相关(P<0.05),森林-灌丛面积占比与夏季和秋季鸟类种类显著相关(P<0.05);大山包是重要的鸟类栖息地和越冬地,其生境结构对鸟类种类和数量有巨大影响;营建水域、森林-灌丛、沼泽湿地等多种生境类型及其空间组合,是保护大山包鸟类多样性的重要途径。Nine sampling sites with an area of 1 km2 each were selected to study bird diversity and its relation with habitat structure by using line transect and point count surveys method and remote image-based habitat structure analysis for four seasons from 2015 to 2016. It was found that there were a total of 127 species of birds in Dashanbao Nature Reserve, which belong to 41 families and 16 orders, including 14 of key state protected species. Of the 127 species, the 3 main orders, Passeriformes, Anseriformes, and Charadriiformes, take up a total of 27 families and 80 species. The number of 3 species, Anser indicus, Alauda gulgula and Grus nigricollis was the greatest, accounting for 50.09% of the total. The resident birds and songbirds were dominant species, accounting for 49.61% and 51.97% of the total species, respectively. In terms of num- ber, winter resident birds and water birds were dominant, accounting for 58.13% and 60.28% of the total, respectively. Moreover, birds preferring waters and wetlands accounted for 40.94% of the total species and 60.28% of the total number, respectively. Pearson＇s correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship （P〈0.05） between the percentage of water area and number of birds in winter and spring, and between the percentage of forest-shrub area and species of birds in summer and autumn. Dashanbao Nature Reserve is an important bird habitat and wintering site, and its habitat structure has a great effect on bird species and number. Constructing a habi- tat mosaic of waters, forests, shrubs, and wetlands is an important way to protect bird diversity of the reserve.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 生境结构 高原湿地 大山包自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]