低丘红壤区稻田实际蒸散特征及其气象影响因素  

The characteristics of actual evapotranspiration and influencing factors of paddy field in low hilly red soil region

作　　者：李谦 景元书 马美娟[2,3] 王晗 李根 

机构地区：[1]气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [3]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第1期219-226,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41575111);科技部公益性行业专项(GYHY201406025和GYHY200906030);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX15-0868)资助

摘　　要：本研究分析了低丘红壤地区晚稻全生育期田间气象观测数据,阐明了水稻各生育期实际蒸散量特征及规律,采用通径分析方法与Beven敏感性公式对比研究了气象因子对实际蒸散的影响。结果表明:全生育期蒸散实测值为290.6 mm,其中移栽-分蘖期实测蒸散量最大,为96.9 mm,占全生育期蒸散量的33.3%;逐日蒸散整体呈现先增加后逐渐减小的趋势,高峰期出现在水稻分蘖中后期;一天中稻田蒸散逐时动态变化总体遵循"早晚低、中午高"的倒"U"单峰型变化规律,天气条件和生长期不同时也会产生一定的差异;通径分析与敏感性分析表明,净辐射、相对湿度等气象因子具有较高的总贡献系数和敏感性系数,是影响该区稻田蒸散的主要气象因素;其次为最高气温、最低气温、平均温度3个温度因子,而风速对蒸散的影响作用较小;蒸散量变化与气象因子间的关系存在时间尺度差异,相比于逐时尺度,逐日尺度上各气象因子对实际蒸散量的影响效果更为明显。In this study, we used the data of field meteorological observation of late rice in low hilly red soil region and analyzed the distribution characteristics with typical diurnal and monthly variation of the actual evapotranspiration of rice field at different growth stages. At the same time, the influences of meteorological factors on the actual evapotranspiration were studied by using the path analysis method and Beven＇ s sensitivity formula. The results indicated that the actual value of evapotranspiration during the whole growth period was 290.61 mm and the measured evapo- transpiration value was the largest at transplanting-tillering stage, which was 96.91 mm, account- ing for 33.3% of the whole growth period. The evapotranspiration of paddy field in the whole growth period showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease gradually. The peak appeared in the later stage of rice tillering. The change of rice field evapotranspiration in one day showed the low intensity in the morning and evening but high at the noon, which just liked a ＇ reverse＇ U. Weather conditions and the duration of growth period also had some influences on evapotrans- piration. Path analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that net radiation and relative humidity had higher total contribution coefficient and sensitivity coefficient, which means these two factors were the main meteorological factors that affected the evapotranspiration of paddy field. The three tem- perature factors （the highest temperature, lowest temperature, average temperature） were in the next place, and the wind speed＇ s effects on evapotranspiration were little. There was a significant time scale difference for the relationship between evapotranspiration and meteorological factors.The effect of each meteorological factor on the actual evapotranspiration was more significant at daily scale than at hourly scale.

关 键 词：实际蒸散 通径分析 时间尺度 气象因子 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]