雅典的崛起与斯巴达的“恐惧”:论“修昔底德陷阱”  

The Rise of Athens and Sparta's “Fear”:The “Thucydides Trap”

作　　者：晏绍祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,教授北京100048

出　　处：《历史研究》2017年第6期109-125,共17页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"古希腊史研究"(项目批准号13ASS002)前期成果

摘　　要：修昔底德强调,雅典的崛起所引起的斯巴达的恐惧是伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的根本原因,但其论断与他有关"五十年时期"的记载存在严重冲突。有关斯巴达对雅典和其他城邦政策的回顾,进一步表明斯巴达对外政策的好战特征。修昔底德的论断,因区分表面借口与深层原因,得到众多学者认可,而且契合当今国际关系学界现实主义学派的理论需要,因而广为流传。修昔底德用"崛起"和"恐惧"来解释伯罗奔尼撒战争的爆发,以及因此诞生的所谓"修昔底德陷阱"概念,无论在史实上还是学理上,都更像是修昔底德为后代挖好的"陷阱",理当谨慎辨别,不宜不加批判地接受。Thucydides stressed that it was the rise of Athens and the fear this inspired in Sparta that was the root cause of Peloponnesian War.However,this argument is very much at odds with his record of the"fifty years of peace."A review of Sparta's policy toward Athens and other citystates reveals the bellicose nature of Sparta's foreign policy.Thucydides' judgment has been widely accepted in academia because it distinguishes between superficial pretexts and underlying causes;moreover,it has gained wide currency because it falls in with the theoretical requirements of the realist school in today's international relations.Whether seen as historical fact or as a theoretical principle,the "rise"and "fear"that Thucydides used to explain the outbreak of Peloponnesian War and the concept of the"Thucydides trap"that emerged from it seem more like a "trap"dug by Thucydides for future generations;we should approach it with prudence rather than accepting it uncritically.

关 键 词：伯罗奔尼撒战争 斯巴达 雅典 修昔底德 修昔底德陷阱 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学]