路网效率与选择的模型比对分析  

Comparative Analysis of Five Models Focused on Efficiency and Choice

作　　者：郑曦[1] 魏皓严[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2017年第6期31-40,共10页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51508044)

摘　　要：兼顾车行与步行、而非总是车行优先的整体街道网络该有怎样的基础模型及其关键结构逻辑?尽管业界对机动化和步行化多有研究,但是仍未见就此问题的专门性讨论,本文即是一次尝试。对步行的尊重与对车行需求的认可导致本文设定了两个相互钳制的概念:效率与选择,并由此建立了一系列紧密关联的参数,如交叉冲突点数、时间效率、交叉口选择率与流向选择率等。对应性地配置了5个基础简化模型,它们分别极端性地代表大街区路网、小街区路网、大街区放射路网、层级邻接路网与层级交错路网。通过对这5种模型进行包含上述参数的数据比对,本文认为层级交错路网的结构逻辑最能符合可持续低碳发展的要求,最能支持城市的多样化生活。进一步地,本文讨论了与城市设计密切相关的4个路网问题,分别是主干性与主干道、次干道/大街的意义、局部性问题与贯通性支路的价值,并提出了"效率/选择—形态"的街道网络研究方法。最后指出,在效率与选择之间保持平衡的路网布局,其实是城市设计不可推卸的责任。What kind of fundamental model and vital structural logic can match the whole street-network that concerns about pedestrians as well as automobiles instead of consistent priority only for the latter？ The question gets rare direct answers, though there is no lack of study about pedestrianization and motorization. This paper is just a response for it. Efficiency and choice, two inter-restricting concepts are established owing to the respect to pedestrian and approval of motorized traffic. Furthermore, several parameters which correlated with each other somehow, named after amount of intersectional conflict points, time efficiency, intersection choice and flow choice, etc. come into being. Correspondingly, five extremely simplified network models, respectively being representations for big-blocks network, small-blocks network, big-blocks-with-radiate-main-roads network, hierarchy adjoining network and hierarchy stagger network, have been built up for quantitative and comparative analysis on above-mentioned parameters. As a conclusion, the vital structural logic of hierarchy stagger network can best meet requirements of sustainable and low carbon development, meanwhile supporting diversity of urban life. In addition, this paper discusses four issues relevant to arterial roads, collector streets, locality and cutthrough, each meaningful for urban design. All these imply a possibility of the efficiency/choice-morphology analysis methodology on street-network. Finally, this paper points out that urban design cannot shirk its duty in configuration of street-network to keep balance between efficiency and choice.

关 键 词：街道网络 城市形态 步行/慢行 效率 选择 城市设计 

分 类 号：U412.12[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]