城镇公共池塘资源治理:两个制度发育案例的比较分析  

Governance of Urban Common-pool Resources:A Comparative Analysis of Two Cases of Institutional Development

作　　者：章平[1] 黄傲霜 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《经济与管理评论》2018年第1期55-67,共13页Review of Economy and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目"公共品自愿供给中的社会偏好与惩罚机制研究"(71203145)

摘　　要：在现实中普遍存在的公共品博弈中,合作如何发生,维持合作的制度如何发育,是靠外部主体(政府)干预还是群体内部自我治理(自发的集体行动),其效率高低是否可比?选取了两个跨时空的公共池塘资源治理案例进行比较制度分析:1970年代土耳其阿兰亚渔场渔民经十余年的内部自发协商后形成一套运转良好的制度安排,解决了渔业资源利用冲突;大约40年后的中国深圳市民中心广场,政府部门引入半官方社会组织出面协调,采取划定区域、抽签派号的分配模式并投入人力监督执行,收效颇好。从局部知识利用、个体与制度互动的角度比较分析这一"殊途同归"背后隐藏的是治理制度发育发生机制的差异。这也再次印证了Ostrom提出的公共池塘资源治理多元化、多中心治道,资源可以清楚地界定以及资源的使用规则要适应当地的条件,才是行之有效的公共管理方法。In the prevailing public goods games existing in reality,how does the cooperation happen,how does the institution sustaining the cooperation grow,should we rely on the external subject( the government) intervention or the internal self-governance of the group( spontaneous collective action) ? and is the efficiency comparable? We select two common-pool resources governance cases across time and space and analyze them with the Comparative Institutional Analysis. In 1970 s,the fishermen in the Turkish Alanya fishery formed a well-functioning institutional arrangement to resolve conflicts happening in the use of fishery resources after ten-year's internal spontaneous negotiation. About 40 years later,in Shenzhen Civic Center Plaza of China,a semi-official social organization introduced by the government coordinated the arrangement,took the allocation pattern of designating area and sending lottery number,and deployed manpower to supervise the implementation,the effect of which turned to be quite good. From the perspective of local knowledge using and the interaction between the individual and the system,by comparing and analyzing these two cases which trace different paths that lead to the same destination,this article discovers the hidden difference of the producing mechanism of governance system. Which once again confirms the diversified common-pool resources management and multiple-center governance proposed by Ostrom. And clearly defining resources and adapting the regulations of the use of resources to the local conditions are the effective public management methods.

关 键 词：公共池塘资源 制度 集体行动 比较分析 

分 类 号：F062.16[经济管理—政治经济学]