两种油脂水平下DHA添加对鲤生长及脂质代谢的影响  

EFFECT OF DHA ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN TWO DIETARY LIPID LEVELS OF COMMON CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO L.

作　　者：周继术[1] 曹艳姿[1] 吉红[1] 于海波 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院水产科学系,杨凌712100

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2018年第1期123-130,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30771667)资助~~

摘　　要：为探讨饲料高油脂水平下二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)添加对鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)的营养作用,以酪蛋白、糊精、纤维素、大豆油以及鱼用复合预混料等为饲料原料,配制出6%与12%两个油脂水平的鲤饲料。以纯度为50%DHA制品分别替代该饲料原料中3%大豆油,制成基础组、基础-DHA组、高脂组和高脂-DHA组4种精制试验饲料。将初始体重为(14.81±0.13)g的鲤360尾随机分为四组,每组3个重复,分别饲养于12个循环流水养殖缸中,并将4组试验饲料分别饲养鲤74d,最后采样,检测鲤生长、生物学性状、体成分、血清理化指标、脂质代谢酶活性及组织形态学等指标。结果表明,在6%油脂水平下,基础-DHA组末尾均重、绝对生长率与相对生长率均显著低于基础组(P<0.05);在12%油脂水平下,高脂-DHA组绝对生长率显著低于高脂组(P<0.05),而鲤末尾均重与相对生长率在两高脂组间无显著差异。基础-DHA组的饲料系数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。基础-DHA组鱼体肥满度最低,该组腹脂指数与腹腔脂肪细胞面积也最低。在12%脂肪水平下鲤肌肉与肝胰及粗脂肪含量均分别高于6%脂肪水平组(P<0.05);在6%与12%脂肪水平下,DHA添加组鲤肌肉粗脂肪含量均分别显著低于无DHA组(P<0.05);鲤肌肉粗蛋白在各组间均无显著差异。在6%与12%脂肪水平下,DHA组鲤血清总胆固醇水平均分别显著高于无DHA组(P<0.05)。结果表明,同一脂肪水平下3%DHA制品的添加对鱼类生长与及健康有负面影响,这可能与DHA添加量偏高有关,而提高饲料脂肪水平有减轻过高DHA所带来的不利影响。In order to evaluate the effect of DHA on the growth and lipid metabolism of common carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）, using casein, dextrin, cellulose, soybean oil and fish compound premix as the raw feed two diets with lipid level of 6% and 12% were prepared for Cyprinus carpio L. 3% soybean oil in the two diets was replaced by 50% DHA to produce four diets, which included 6 L group, 6 L-DHA group, 12 L group and 12 L-DHA group. A total of 360 common carps（14.81±0.13 g） were randomly divided into four groups（triplicate per group）, and fed with four diets, respectively, for 74 days. After then, growth performance, biological parameters, body composition, serum biochemical indicators and tissue morphological were determined. The results showed that compared with 6 L group, the feed efficiency,absolute growth rate and relative growth rate decreased significantly in 6 L-DHA group（P0.05）. The absolute growth rate was significantly lower in 12 L-DHA group than that of 12 L group（P0.05）. The intraperiotenal fat index and adipocyte area of intraperiotenal fat tissue were significantly lower in 6 L-DHA group than that in 6 L group（P0.05）.The crude lipid content in the muscle decreased significantly in DHA diet（P0.05）. However, the content of serum total cholesterol increased significantly in DHA diet. Results showed that the growth and health status of common carp were compromised by adding DHA in lipid diets, which was probably caused by the high level of DHA in diet and it would be avoided by increasing dietary lipid level.

关 键 词：鲤 DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid) 油脂水平 生长 脂质代谢 高不饱和脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S965.116[农业科学—水产养殖]