高速铁路定价机制探析——成本、社会经济效益、乘客时间价值三维视角  

High Speed Rail Pricing Mechanism:Three-dimensional Perspectives of Cost,Social-economic Benefit and Passenger's Time Value

作　　者：丁慧平[1] 赵启兰[1] 李远慧[1] 张哲 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044 [2]广州铁路集团,广东广州511400

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期33-40,共8页Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研发计划项目"高铁定价机制研究--成本;社会经济效益;乘客时间价值三维视角"(2016F022)

摘　　要：高速铁路作为一种新型的运输方式,相对于普通铁路其公益属性弱化,商品属性明显。结合我国客运市场的实际情况、高铁建设运营现状及其经济正外部性特点,基于速度-成本增量关系、速度-社会(间接)经济效益增量和速度-乘客时间价值增量的三维视角,探讨我国高铁定价的形成机理和定价策略。高速铁路定价时,票价不仅需要考虑对成本补偿的要求,还要考虑给乘客带来的时间价值、乘客可接受的票价幅度、不同运输方式的市场竞争以及不同投资方对资本回报的多元化诉求,通过对高铁票价的合理制定以弥补其运营收入与建设运营成本的缺口,当缺口仍无法弥补时则依据其带来的社会经济效益给予一定的政府政策补贴。As a recent mode of transportation,high-speed railway is characterized with a relatively weak public welfare property and a distinct commodity attributes compared with regular railroad.This paper,with the consideration of the passenger transport market reality in China,the status quo of the construction and operation of high-speed rail,and the positive externality effect of high-speed railway,investigates the mechanism and pricing strategy of high speed railway in China from the three-dimensional perspectives of the relations between speed and cost increment,speed and social(indirect)economic benefit increment,and speed and passenger time value increment.The research findings suggest that when pricing high-speed railway,not only the cost compensation,but various other factors including the value of the time saved for passengers,the price range acceptable for passengers,the market competition among different modes of transportation,and the capital returns demanded by various investors should be incorporated.To sustain the operation of high-speed railway,the cash deficit between its sales revenue and its construction and operational costs(if there exists)should be covered by the reasonably increased high-speed railway fare.When the fare pricing cannot cover cash deficit,government policy or subsidy should be provided based on the social-economic benefit it brings to the public.

关 键 词：高速铁路 定价机制 投资成本 社会经济效益 乘客时间价值 

分 类 号：F260[经济管理—国民经济]