黄河包头段冻融期水体中PAHs的生态风险评价  

Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water at Batou Section of the Yellow River during Freezing and Thawing Periods

作　　者：裴国霞[1] 张琦[1] 李汗青 高丽惠[1] 王晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第1期20-26,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51169018,51469023,51369021)资助

摘　　要：选取黄河包头干流段为研究区域,于2012—2014年流凌期、封河期及融冰期采集水体样品,检测该河段水体中美国环保局优先控制的16种多环芳烃的残留含量,并利用实际监测数据对黄河包头段水体冻融过程中可能产生的潜在生态风险进行初步评价。结果表明：水体中共检测出11种PAHs,Σ11PAHs的总量为6.58~222.37ng·L-1,平均含量为61.48 ng·L-1,且冰封期含量最高,开河期含量最低。部分断面苯并[a]芘含量超出我国《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中规定限值。不同时期均以四环为主,其中荧蒽为最主要的污染物。水体中危害相对较高的为蒽、荧蒽及苯并[a]芘,其中蒽暴露浓度超过影响5.00%的水生生物的概率为83.92%。水体中Σ6PAH联合毒性均高出生态风险最大的蒽单独作用的毒性,甚至大于单体ΣPAH重叠面积之和,表现出显著的联合毒性效应。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） consist of two or more benzenoid rings,which are highly lipophilic and hydrophobic. PAHs can be transferred through food chain,and can accumulate in biological tissues,including human body. Because of their toxicity and persistence as well as their carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic properties,PAHs are a topic of growing concern. PAHs have been detected in many water bodies,including the Yellow River. While there have been many studies of PAH concentrations in water,and PAH concentrations in water during freezing and thawing periods have rarely been reported. The study area is Baotou section of the Yellow River. A global positioning system was used to record the locations of the 8 sampling sites（ S1-S8） along the main channel of the Baotou section. Baotou is an industrial city on the banks of the Yellow River. As the city has developed,large quantities of industrial wastewater containing organic pollutants have been discharged into the river. In particular,huge amounts of industrial wastewater have been channeled into the Yellow River from the Kundulun,Sidaoshai,East and West rivers. The Baotou section of the Yellow River is located in a zone of 40. 248 9°-42. 730 3°N and 109. 253 3°-111. 440 3° E. Winter lasts for more than three months in a year,and the Yellow River at Baotou is frozen in winter,which means that PAHs from the atmosphere are deposited onto the ice. In light of this unique situation,the distribution of PAHs in the Baotou section of the Yellow River should be investigated. In this study,water samples were collected from eight sites along the Baotou section of the Yellow River in freezing-thawing process during the period from 2012 to 2014. By establishing the pre-processing method used in water from the study area,the information on the PAH concentrations in the Baotou section of the Yellow River in freezing-thawing process was obtained,and the environmental risk of PAHs in this area was analyzed. In this paper,the main results are as follows

关 键 词：冻融期 多环芳烃 赋存水平 生态风险 黄河包头段 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]