沙尘对天山积雪消融的影响  

Influence of Dust on Snowpack in the Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：杨涛[1,2] 郭玲鹏 黄法融 李倩 李兰海[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾041004 [4]中国科学院中亚生态环境研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第1期122-129,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-12-2);中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-015)资助

摘　　要：积雪是西北干旱区重要的水资源,春季融雪时期,沙尘天气频繁,沙尘沉降会减少积雪表面反射率,增加雪层的太阳辐射吸收,加速积雪的融化,影响干旱区年内的水资源分布。通过融雪期在天山积雪雪崩研究站开展模拟沙尘沉降试验,观测积雪物理特性参数变化,分析沙尘对积雪消融的影响。本研究设置2 g·m^-2、4 g·m^-2、8 g·m^-2、自然雪4个处理,3组重复,从3月4日开始,3月11日结束。结果表明：沙尘沉降对积雪消融具有明显影响。在2 g·m^-2、4 g·m^-2、8 g·m^-2沙尘沉降量下,随着融雪的进行,沙尘沉降量逐渐增大,致使积雪表面粒径增大,积雪反射率降低,雪表层温度差变大,2 g·m^-2、4 g·m^-2、8 g·m^-2导致积雪消融速率比自然状态下的快22.36%、46.05%和76.90%。通过野外试验获得了主要积雪物理参数对沙尘沉降的响应,量化了沙尘沉降对积雪消融的影响,其结果可为西北干旱区水资源管理提供参考。Snowpack is an important source of water resources in arid area in northwest China. In spring,dust storm weather occurs frequently in the basins around the Tianshan Mountains. Dust deposition on snow cover surface from dust storm can reduce the reflectance of snow cover,increase the solar radiation absorption on snow cover surface,and accelerate snowmelt. It is necessary to study the effects of deposited dust on the dynamic change of snowpack in the Tianshan Mountains for better water resources management in the region. In this study,a simulation experiment of the influence of dust deposition on the dynamic change of snowpack in snowmelt season was carried out at the Tianshan Station for Snow and Avalanche Research. Four treatments,i. e. the natural conditions,2 g·m^-2,4 g·m^-2 and 8 g·m^-2 dust deposition with three replicates,were designed for the field experiment. The experiment was started on March 4 and ended on March 11. After observing and analyzing the physical characteristics of snowpack,the results indicated that snowmelt in the snowpack was significantly affected by dust deposition.The snow grain size on snow surface was increased with the time,and the more dust deposition there was,the larger the snow grain size but the lower the snow reflectance would be. The snowmelt rates under the treatments with 2 g·m^-2,4 g·m^-2 and 8 g·m^-2 dust deposition were increased by 22. 36%,46. 05% and 76. 90% compared with that of natural snowpack,respectively. The results of the study could provide the references for simulating the dynamic change of snowpack and managing water resources in arid area in northwest China.

关 键 词：沙尘沉降 积雪 雪粒径 光谱 雪层温度 融雪速率 天山 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.635