新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)种群年龄结构及其动态特征  

Age Composition and Dynamic Characteristics of the Main Populations of Endangered Malus sieversii

作　　者：马闯 杨美玲[2] 张云秀 阎国荣 许正 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300384 [2]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [3]伊犁州园艺科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第1期156-164,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区财政林业科技专项(400173);天津农学院高校教师教育改革创新引导发展项目(20170204);天津市科技特派员项目(14JCTPJC00497)资助

摘　　要：新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）是我国珍贵的濒危野生植物。通过在伊犁河谷的那孜、大莫合沟、那拉提和交托海4个新疆野苹果分布区建立样地,绘制年龄结构图、编制静态生命表,采用生存分析探明种群的存在状况,应用时间序列分析预测种群发展趋势。结果表明：新疆野苹果年龄结构呈中部膨大,幼龄个体少,中老龄个体多,那孜种群年龄结构偏大,交托海种群偏小;与其他种群相比,大莫合沟V＇pi最小,随机干扰风险极大值（Pmax）接近0,对外界干扰较敏感;那拉提种群的区间寿命、总寿命和期望寿命低,消失率高,种群衰退早;不同种群的存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,表明各龄级的死亡率相近;随着龄级增加,种群死亡密度曲线先下降后上升,危险率函数在Ⅳ龄级后增加明显,说明环境压力对野苹果的影响在Ⅳ龄级后表现强烈;受虫害、旅游、放牧干扰影响,时间序列分析预测野苹果种群老龄个体数量增加,中、幼龄个体缺乏补充,呈现不同程度衰退。应采取人工促萌或补植幼苗,调控林地密度,控制虫害蔓延,加强野苹果种质资源保护。Malus sieversii is a precious and endangered species in China. In this study,the sample plots of M.sieversii were delimited at the typical sites including Nazi（ NZ）,Mohuer（ MH）,Narat（ NRT） and Jiaotuohai（ JTH） in the Ili River Valley so as to investigate the age composition and population status of M. sieversii,make the static life table,and carry out the survival analysis. The time series analysis was used to predict the population trend. The study results could provide the theoretical information for protecting M. sieversii. The results showed that the proportion of young trees was low,and that of middle-aged and old trees was high. The average age in NZ was older,and that in JTH was younger. Compared with others,the population in MH was more sensitive to environment disturbance. The number of survivors,total individual number and life expectation of the population were lower in NRT than in other places. The population in NRT decreased early with high elimination rate. The survival curve appeared to approach the Deevey-Ⅱ type,which indicated that the mortality rate of the trees with different ages was similar. With the age increase,the mortality density curve decreased firstly and then increased. The hazard rate increased obviously after age class Ⅳ,which indicated that the effect of environment pressure on M. sieversii was significant after age class Ⅳ. Because of the disturbance from grazing,tourist activities and insect pests,it was predicted with the time series analysis that the proportion of old trees increased with the decrease of the proportion of young and middle-aged individuals. It was suggested that the protection of M. sieversii resources should be strengthened by a series of measures,such as artificially increasing the number of seedlings,regulating the forest density,strictly preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests,and protecting the core areas to relieve the contradiction between forestry and grazing.

关 键 词：新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii) 种群 年龄结构 静态生命表 生存分析 时间序列 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]