新疆阿尔金山真藓属植物蒴齿结构和孢子的形态观察  

Morphological Characters of Peristome and Spore of Bryum Hedw.(Bryaceae) from the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang

作　　者：买买提明·苏来曼[1] 阿提古丽·毛拉 古丽尼尕尔·艾依斯热洪 刘永英 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]焦作高等师范专科学校生物系,河南焦作454001

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第1期181-191,共11页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460048,31660052);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(18A180021)资助

摘　　要：为探讨真藓属植物的蒴齿结构和孢子形态特征的分类学价值,本文通过扫描电子显微镜观察了采自阿尔金山国家级自然保护区18种真藓属植物的成熟孢蒴。结果表明：（1）外齿层齿片的形态、齿片外侧表面的纹饰、内齿层齿条的穿孔大小、基膜高低和齿毛发育程度等蒴齿结构特征以及孢子纹饰在真藓属的部分类群间具有较稳定的差异,又是种内相对稳定的性状,在属下类群的划分中具有重要的参考价值。（2）真藓属中发育较完全的蒴齿具相对较长的齿片、较高的基膜、较宽的齿条和带节瘤的齿毛,而较简单的蒴齿具较短的齿片、较低的基膜、较狭的齿条和退化的齿毛或无。（3）真藓属在阿尔金山较为丰富的物种多样性与该类群植物适于干燥环境中孢子散布和传播的蒴齿结构及孢子特征有密切关系。The paper aimed to figure out the taxonomic values of the peristomial structure and spore morphology in Bryum,and also to discuss the relationship between the natural environmental conditions and the diversity of Bryum at the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang. Morphological characters of peristome and spores from18 species of the genus Bryum in the area were observed by the scanning electronic microscope（ SEM）. The results showed that：（1） The characters,such as the exostomium teeth shape,pattern of exostomium dorsal surface,width of perforation on the endostomium segments,length of the endostomum basal membrane,development of cilia and exine ornamentation of spore,were different among the taxa in Bryum,and they were stable for each species in the genus.So their presence is often considered to be highly diagnostic and taxonomical in infrageneric classification combining with other sporophyte characteristics and/or gametophyte characteristics;（2） When the peristome developed most highly（ the so-called perfect peristome）,it was consisted of the longer exostome teeth,a high endostomium basal membrane,broad segments and appendiculate cilia. Otherwise,less intricate peristomes（ the so-called simpler peristome） of some Bryum species had shorter exostome teeth,lower endostomium basal membrane,narrower segments and shorter and fewer cilia or absent;（3） It seems that the rich diversity of Bryum in the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve is related to the peristomium structure and spore morphology being adaptive for spore dispersing in dry environment.

关 键 词：真藓属 蒴齿结构 孢子纹饰 扫描电子显微镜 阿尔金山国家级自然保护区 新疆 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]