对外直接投资是否改善了母公司的员工结构?  

Did Outward Foreign Direct Investment Influence Enterprises' Employment Structure?

作　　者：阎虹戎 冼国明[2] 明秀南 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院国际经济研究所 [2]南开大学跨国公司研究中心

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2018年第1期53-66,共14页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"引进外资与对外投资两大开放战略的协调机制与政策研究"(批准号:15ZDA057);教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目"对外直接投资与我国经济发展的理论和政策研究"(批准号:13JJD790017);南开大学博士科研创新项目以及南开大学"中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心"的资助

摘　　要：文章利用2011~2016年614家对外投资的中国制造业上市公司数据,采用倾向得分匹配法和双重差分方法,考察了对外直接投资对母公司员工结构的影响,研究表明,对外直接投资企业的生产人员和非生产人员数量都有所增加且具有滞后性,其中生产人员的数量增长更快,非生产人员数量的增长主要表现为销售、技术和管理人员的增加。进一步区分样本检验发现,对外直接投资基本上都促进了母公司生产人员和非生产人员数量的增长,但只有战略资产寻求型企业对外投资导致了员工结构的改善。这说明,对外直接投资既能够增加国内低技能、廉价的生产人员就业,缓解一部分就业压力,又能够增加高技能、稀缺的非生产人员就业,增加企业的人力资本积累,但由于生产人员数量的增加更快,母公司员工结构并未得到明显改善。This paper estimated causal effects of China's outward foreign direct investment( OFDI) on enterprises' employment structure in the home market using 614 Chinese listed companies in manufacturing industry from the year of 2011 to 2016.In order to overcome sample selection and endogeneity problems,we used propensity score matching and difference in difference method.The results indicated that the number of production workers and nonproduction workers increased respectively and this effect had a lag.Since the former increase is more than the latter,the employment structure optimization did not realize.Distinguishing our sample to further test,we find that various types of investment promoted the growth of the number of production and nonproduction workers.Only strategic asset seeking investment make the employment structure optimization realized.It indicates that enterprises investing abroad can both employ more unskilled,cheaper production workers which alleviating the pressure of our country' s employment,and can employ more skilled,scarced nonproduction workers which increases accumulation of human capital.But since production workers increased more than nonproduction workers,the employment structure of enterprises does not optimize significantly.

关 键 词：上市公司 对外直接投资 员工结构 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F272.92F425