三种渤海原油蒸发特性及对溢油分散剂乳化作用影响的实验研究  

Experimental Study on the Evaporation Behaviors of Three Bohai Crude Oils and Impact of Evaporationon Dispersant Efficiency

作　　者：姚小亭 刘佳铭 李正嵩 杨燕群 梁生康[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第3期97-103,共7页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371314);中海石油环保服务(天津)有限公司攻关项目(20150145)资助~~

摘　　要：作为海面溢油风化的重要过程之一,蒸发会导致溢油组分和性质发生显著变化,从而对溢油分散剂的使用效果产生明显影响。本研究选取三种渤海原油样品开展油品蒸发实验,并对蒸发过程对溢油分散剂乳化效果的影响进行评价。结果表明,在72h蒸发周期内,渤西、旅大10-1和蓬莱19-3原油的蒸发率和运动黏度随蒸发时间的延长均呈逐渐增大的趋势。原油蒸发会减弱溢油分散剂对油品的乳化分散效果。在油品蒸发过程的前12h内,溢油分散剂对油品的乳化率显著降低,12h之后乳化率变化不大。溢油分散剂对不同类型原油的乳化效果不同。与旅大10-1和蓬莱19-3原油相比,尽管渤西原油密度较低,但由于其含蜡量高,溢油分散剂对该原油的乳化效果并没有表现出明显优势。研究结果对于海上溢油事故处置中溢油分散剂的使用具有指导意义。As one of the important processes of oil weathering, evaporation can lead to the changes in oil composition and properties, which Can significantly influence the dispersant efficiency. In this study, three crude oils from Bohai Sea field were chosen to conduct oil evaporation experiments, and then the influence of evaporation on dispersant efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that, the evaporation percentageand kinematic viscosityall increased with the evaporation timeexpandingin 72 h for Boxi, Lvda10 1 and Penglai 19 3 crude oil. Evaporationof crude oil could reduce the dispersant efficiency. Thedispersant effectiveness on the crude oils decreased significantly in the first 12 h ours of evaporation, and then showed little change after 12 h ours. The dispersant efficiency on three crude oils was different. Although the density of Boxi crude oil was lower than Lvda10 1 and Penglai 19 3 crude oil, the efficiency of dispersant did not show obvious advantages due to the high wax content of the oil. The results of this study have an important guiding meaning for dispersant usingin oil spill response.

关 键 词：原油 溢油分散剂 蒸发 运动黏度 乳化率 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]