北伐前后的微观体验——以居京湘人黄尊三为例  

Individual experience about the Northern Expedition: A Case Study on Huang Zunsan, a Hunanese Living in Beijing

作　　者：李在全[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2018年第1期23-40,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：长期以来的北伐史研究,多从南方立论,以南北军政势力消长为主要内容。近年来,不少学者从更宽广视角,如南北地域、文化新旧、舆情互动等角度,重视"有形力量"之外"无形力量"的研究,大大推进了北伐史研究。以居京湘人黄尊三日记为主要史料,大体可展现一位涵括南北、新旧、舆情等复杂因素的微观人物对北伐之观感,战争中个体的纠结与抉择以及战争对非战区民众生活之影响。与普通北方人相比,黄氏对南方的观察,包含着南北地域交集复杂的立场与心态。作为北京政权的边缘人,黄氏对北京政府固无多少认同感,对南方政权亦无多少向往与欣喜。战争造成了黄氏"归则无家,留则无食"的两难窘境,在多半时间里,忧心、恐怖占据其心。在黄看来,南京国民政府名为"以党治国",实则"以国殉党"。黄尊三的微观体验表明,北伐前后的南方与北方,很难说存在相互转换、零和博弈的现象;用"南北新旧"诠释北伐史,效力与不足并存;在战乱与信息管控的年代里,报刊等现代舆情工具在提供讯息的同时,也带来了纷乱与谣言,而个体则倾向于在亲友言谈和信函中求取真相。Most of the research on the Northern Expedition takes the perspective of the south and mainly focuses on the political and military confrontations between the South and the North.Recently,scholars have been investigating this topic with a broader horizon,including aspects of culture,local identity and public opinions.Using the diary of Huang Zunsan,a Hunanese living in Beijing,as major primary sources,this research demonstrates the experience of a complicated individual during the period of the Northern Expedition and his opinion on this civil war.Different from ordinary northern people,Huang Zunsan had mixed feeling toward the southern regime:he had little sense of identity with the Beijing Government,but he hardly yearned for the southern regime either.The war led Huang to a dilemma,that is,he could not return his homeland in Hunan nor stay in Beijing to have a decent life,so he was frustrated by worry and fear most of the time.To Huang,the Nanjing Government was only ruled by the party in name,while it was actually sacrificing the state for the party.Huang's individual experience shows that the relationship between the South and the North before and after the Northern Expedition cannot simply be summarized as a zero-sum game and it is not enough to interpret the Northern Expedition with the conception of"the new South"and"the old North."Moreover,in the wartime when valid information was highly controlled,modern public media such as newspapers provided both facts and rumors,so individuals tended to get reliable information from conversation and correspondences with friends and relatives.

关 键 词：北伐战争 北洋政府 国民革命 国民政府 黄尊三日记 

分 类 号：K262.34[历史地理—历史学]