论租佃关系的日常性状——基于20世纪30年代苏州“打催甲”的考察  

Everyday Life Characters of the Tenancy Relationship: A Study on Resistance against Cui-jia in Suzhou in the 1930s

作　　者：小田[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学历史系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2018年第1期124-137,共14页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"近代江南乡民日常生活研究"(11BZS073)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：对于租佃关系的性状,不同的生活群体有着不同的体验或认识。作为租佃关系的一方,生活于苏州东乡的佃农,在20世纪30年代经济不景气的境况下,撕破平素温厚的面纱,对强横逼租的催甲发起攻击,衍为生存压力下的集合行为。在佃农看来,租佃关系的日常状态,无论是平素维持,还是一时变故,只是不同个性的地主及其代理人(催甲)与自身生活交往的一部分,而与作为一个利益集团的地主阶级的劳动占有关系不大;是为租佃关系的日常意识,或称模糊的阶级意识,它体现了日常世界的时空观和道义观。与佃农的日常意识不同,社会精英关于租佃关系的阶级意识源自对抽象社会结构的理性剖析;是为租佃关系的非日常认识。这样的认识难以改变佃农的生活选择及其日常逻辑,而后者也是实际历史过程的一部分,值得社会史学者特别关注。Different groups have different experience and perception of the characters of the tenancy relationship.In the circumstance of the economic depression in the 1930s,in Dongxiang village,Suzhou,the tenants who were docile peasants in normal condition violently resisted"Cui-jia",agents of landlords who forced tenants to pay rents.Their resistance was a collective action under pressure for survival.From the tenants'perspective,both the peaceful and violent interactions with the landlords and their agents were part of their everyday life.They could hardly realize landlords'exploitation and understand landlords as a class and an interest group.Instead,they understood their relationship with the landlords with their conception of morality,as well as their perception of temporality and space in life world.In contrast,the social elite derived their class awareness in the tenancy relationship from their rational analysis of the abstract social structure.Thus,their self-awareness could hardly change tenants'everyday choices and logics in life world,to which social historians should pay particular attention.

关 键 词：租佃关系 日常性状 苏州 打催甲 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]