灌水器流量对涌泉根灌土壤水氮运移的影响  被引量:9

Transport characteristics of water and nitrogen under bubbled-root irrigation with emitter discharge

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作  者:刘显[1] 费良军[1] 

机构地区:[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048

出  处:《排灌机械工程学报》2017年第10期903-911,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基  金:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279157;51479161);国家农业公益项目(201203003-1)

摘  要:为了提高涌泉根灌水肥一体化灌溉模式下水肥的利用效率,采用大田肥液入渗试验,探究了不同灌水器流量(4,6,8,10 L/h)条件下湿润锋运移、土壤水分及氮素分布的规律.结果表明:不同灌水器流量对湿润锋运移距离及湿润体内水分及氮素分布均具有较大影响,随着流量的增大,各向湿润锋运移距离均增大;灌水结束,湿润体内同一位置处的土壤含水率、铵态氮及硝态氮质量分数均伴随着灌水器流量的增大而增大,湿润体内水分分布相对越均匀;各向湿润锋运移距离均与入渗时间具有显著的幂函数关系,得到以湿润锋运移距离为因变量,入渗时间和流量为自变量的数学模型;灌水结束后随着入渗的继续进行,湿润体内水分及氮素进行再分配,再分布1 d,湿润体内水分分布更加均匀,达到田间持水量;再分布3 d,期间湿润体内水分及铵态氮量逐渐减小而硝态氮量增加.以上研究成果为进一步研究涌泉根灌水氮高效利用技术奠定了基础.To improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under water and fertilizer integration of bubbled-root irrigation, the field fertilizer solution infiltration experiment to explore the bubbled-root irrigation wetting front movement and soil moisture and nitrogen distribution rules at different emitter discharge criteria were conducted. The results show that different emitter discharge has a biggest effect on the wetting front transport distance and the distribution of water and nitrogen in wetted body. The distance of the wetting front with the increase of the discharge is increasing. At the end of irrigation, with the soil water content, NH4 - N and NO3- - N fractions at the same location in the wetted body increase with the increase of the emitter flow rate and the distribution of moisture in the body is more uniform. The distance of the anisotropic wetting front migration and the infiltration time is a power function relationship, and the mathematical model with wetting front transport distance as the depen-dent variable and infiltration time and discharge as the independent variables are obtained. After the end of irrigation, with the continuous infiltration, wetted body of water and nitrogen carry on the redis- tribution. Within the 1 - day redistribution, moisture distribution in the wetted body is more evenly and reaches the field capacity. During the 3 - day redistribution, the amount of water and NH: - N contents are decreased while NO3- -N content is increased. The results could lay the foundation for further research on the bubbled-root irrigation technology of efficiently using water and nitrogen.

关 键 词:涌泉根灌 流量 湿润体 再分布 氮素运移 

分 类 号:S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]

 

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