农业从业者现代化的人力资本特征及其进路  

Human Capital Characteristics and Approachto Farmer Modernization

作　　者：黄维海[1] 王昊 董莉 胡晓琰 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业教育》2017年第6期36-42,共7页China Agricultural Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"卓越农业人才在农业现代化进程中的需求预测和教育培养:对长三角地区的研究"(15YJC880023);江苏省教育科学"十二五"规划2015年度青年专项"需求导向的特色研究型大学拔尖创新人才培养模式研究--以拔尖创新农业人才为例"(C-c/2015/005);南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费人文社会科学研究基金项目"江苏省新型城镇化进程对乡村人力资本的需求与培育研究"(SK2015006)

摘　　要：人的现代化是当前农业、农村发展的主要短板。历史地来看,世界先进农业国家虽仍然没有形成系统的农业从业者现代化理论,但通过提升农业从业者的人力资本水平基本实现了从传统peasant到现代farmer的关键转变,有效推动了本国农业的现代化。中国当前的农业从业者仍然以传统农民为主,调研表明,越是高端的农业生产经营方式,现代人力资本在其中发挥的作用也越大。因此,适应"四化协同"要求的现代农业从业者应当以职业性为核心人力资本特征,打破身份固化,基于现代职业分工和社会需求配置人力资源,并以专业的心态、行业性的行为规范和职业价值观对待现代农业,具备创新精神和变革能力等五项基础技能和素养。农业从业者人力资本现代化的进路,需要在宏观方面突破农业职业的城乡身份固化,实现其职业性特征;在微观方面系统地从农业文化适应、专业社会化、组织社会化三个阶段实施全过程社会化培育。The lack of practitioner's modernization is a major weak link of agriculture in China. Historical and contemporary exploration revealed that developed agricultural countries had realized the transformation frompeasant to farmer via promoting practitioners' human capital,even if they had not established a systematic theory. Most of agricultural practitioners in China are still traditional peasants,while our survey showed that the higher the management level of agriculture,the more role the modern human capital plays in it. So the farmer's modernization should be characterized by the professionalization as core human capital,the breakthrough of identity solidification,the allocation of human resources according to occupational division and social needs,and the operation of modern agriculture with professional mentality,values and industry norms,and innovative spirit and skills. To realize the modernization of human capital of agricultural practitioners,we need to overturn the identity solidification of agricultural practitioners and actualize their professionalism on the macro-level,and implement the whole process cultivation with three stages of agricultural adaptability,professional socialization and organizational socialization.

关 键 词：农业现代化 农业人力资本 职业化 身份固化 职业培养 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]