凝胶法制备凝胶网络-单晶复合物  

Gel-network/single-crystal composites formed in gel media

作　　者：金心仪 刘育京 任劼 李寒莹 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系,高分子合成与功能构造教育部重点实验室,杭州310027

出　　处：《科学通报》2017年第35期4113-4122,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB643503);国家自然科学基金(51625304,51373150,51461165301)资助

摘　　要：一个多世纪以来,凝胶作为介质被用于晶体生长,成功制备出了大量单晶.其中,越来越多的单晶被证明能在晶体生长过程中将凝胶网络嵌入其中,从而形成两相三维互穿的凝胶网络-单晶复合物,这与自然界生物体中大分子嵌入单晶内部以增强晶体力学性能的现象如出一辙.兼具单晶的长程有序特征和复合材料的综合特性使得这种单晶复合物受到研究者的广泛关注.本文综述了凝胶法制备凝胶网络-单晶复合物的研究进展,对具体技术手段、单晶中凝胶嵌入的表征、影响凝胶在单晶中内嵌的因素以及单晶复合物的功能化4个方面进行了介绍和讨论,并对今后的研究方向与前景进行了展望.Gel-grown method has been adopted to grow single crystals for over a century, and has triggered increasing interest with a large number of single crystals obtained. Some organisms construct their hard tissues where foreign macromolecules have been incorporated into the brittle crystals to enhance their mechanical properties. In 1969, the researchers found out that gel-network could be incorporated into the single-crystalline matrix in the similar way. The unique property of the gel-incorporated single-crystals is the combination of long-range order （single-crystallinity） and composite structures, which has enlightened the research on not only understanding biomineralization, but also exploring possible applications of these unique composites. This review will briefly introduce recent progress in gel-network/single-crystal composites formed in gel media in five aspects. Firstly, we will discuss the growth process of the composites. The growth procedures fall into four categories： （1） The reaction method, （2） the chemical reduction method, （3） the solubility reduction method, （4） the decomplexing method, and various types of crystals have been testified the successful inclusion of gel media including soluble and insoluble compounds, metal, etc. Secondly, we will briefly introduce several characterizations to demonstrate the distinctive structure of the composites. Incorporated gel fibers can be seen clearly inside the etched pits of the composite under scanning electron microscope. The fibrous structure can be further demonstrated using scanning transmission electron microscope and electron tomography by imaging a thin section cut from a gel-grown crystal. For example, tomographic reconstruction of an agarose network inside of a section of the crystal proves the three-dimensional random-interpenetrating structure between the gel guest and the crystal host while selected-area （area contains both crystal and fibers） electron diffraction pattern shows that the crystal remains its single-cry

关 键 词：凝胶 单晶 复合物 

分 类 号：TQ427.26[化学工程]