种植密度对夏玉米品种株型及产量性状的影响  

Effect of Planting Densities on Plant Type and Yield Characters of Summer Maize Varieties

作　　者：张凤启[1] 丁勇[1] 张君[1] 赵霞[1] 马智艳 赵发欣[1] 唐保军[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米生物学重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第35期12-17,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目"玉米品种籽粒脱水速率及其相关遗传性状评价标准研究"(162102110135);河南省玉米产业技术体系项目"玉米产业技术耕作栽培"(S2015-02-04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"黄淮流域小麦玉米水稻田间用节水节肥节药综合技术方案"(201503130);河南省超级产粮大省奖励资金扶持粮油良种培育等项目"抗旱耐高温玉米新品种郑单538及一控双减高效栽培示范"(豫财贸(2015)131号);河南省农业科学院高层次人才引进"玉米适宜机械化收获相关性状遗传及其评价指标体系研究"(豫财预(2016)79号)

摘　　要：为了阐述不同玉米品种株型及产量性状对密度响应,以目前生产上广泛种植的6个品种(‘郑单958’、‘先玉335’、‘伟科702’、‘浚单20’、‘金海5号’、‘利民33’)为材料,研究4个种植密度(60000、90000、112500、127500株/hm2)下不同品种株型和产量性状的变化。结果表明:6个品种棒三叶面积及茎粗系数均随着密度增加而减小,但减小幅度在不同品种或不同叶位存在差异。产量构成因素如穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数和千粒重随着密度增加而减小。4个种植密度中,‘金海5号’、‘伟科702’、‘郑单958’在密度为90000株/hm2时产量为最高;其他3个品种随密度增加,产量降低。回归分析发现在10个已知影响玉米产量因素中,穗粒数对产量的直接影响最大,其次为行粒数。In order to elucidate the response of plant type and yield traits of different maize varieties toplanting density, six maize varieties（‘Zhengdan958＇,‘Xianyu335＇,‘Weike702＇,‘Xundan20＇,‘Jinhai5 hao＇and‘Limin33＇） planted widely in production were used as materials, the plant type and yield characterschanges of different maize varieties under four planting densities（60000 plants/hm^2, 90000 plants/hm^2, 112500 plants/hm^2, 127500 plants/hm^2） were analyzed. The results indicated that the three ear leaves area and thecoefficient of stem diameter of the six varieties were all decreased with the increase of planting density. But thereducing range was different among different varieties or different ear leaves. Yield component factors, such asear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear and 1000-grain weight, decreased withthe planting density increase. Among the four planting densities, the yield of‘Jinhai5 hao＇,‘Weike702＇or‘Zhengdan958＇under the density of 90000 plants/hm^2 was the highest; yields of the other three varietiesdecreased with the increasing of planting density. Based on the regression analysis, the effect of kernels per earon yield was the largest one among the ten factors that were known affecting maize yield, the second waskernels per row.

关 键 词：夏玉米 种植密度 株型性状 棒三叶 茎粗 

分 类 号：S332[农业科学—作物遗传育种]