高温纤维素分解菌群PN-8的筛选及微生物组成研究  

Screening and Microbial Component of a Thermophilic,Cellulose-degradation Bacterial Community PN-8

作　　者：刘建斌[1] 武凤霞[1] 张淑彬[1] 李兰君 王幼珊 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第35期50-56,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目"华北集约化农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范"(2012BAD15B02-1);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项"鸡粪堆肥原位除臭工艺及厂区优化技术支持研究"(KJCX20151205);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金"沼液生物除臭机制及应用研究"(QNJJ201526)

摘　　要：研究旨在筛选具有分解纤维素物质的高温菌群,解决堆肥中的纤维素快速分解问题。通过限制性培养筛选了一组纤维素分解复合菌群PN-8,并对菌群的性质和微生物组成进行了研究和分析。PN-8在对水稻秸秆的分解过程中,pH值呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,对水稻的最佳分解温度为55℃,分解率为80.9%;平板分离法从PN-8共获得5株细菌。经序列鉴定4株为芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)的细菌,分别为Ureibacillus suwonensis,Bacillus thermoamylovorans(淀粉芽孢杆菌),Ureibacillus thermosphaericus(嗜热球形脲芽胞杆菌)和Bacillus borbori(污泥芽孢杆菌)。另外1株为Serratia sp.(沙雷氏菌)。高通量测序结果同样表明,芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)的细菌是PN-8的最主要组成菌株,占菌群组成的31.83%。PN-8的主要功能细菌为芽孢杆菌,良好的高温纤维素分解能力对于加快堆肥速度和提高品质都具有潜在价值。The aim of this study is to isolate the thermophilic bacterial community with cellulose degradationcapacity, and then to solve the rapid degradation problem of cellulose during the composting process. Acellulose-degradation bacterial community, named PN-8 was constructed by the continuous selective culture,and the characteristics and microbial component of PN-8 were also investigated and analyzed in this study.During the degradation process of rice straw, the pH value of PN-8 suspension firstly dropped then ascended,and the optimum degradation temperature for rice was 55℃ with higher degradation ratio up to 80.9%. Throughstreak plate approach, five bacteria strains were isolated from PN-8. According to the sequence identification,four strains belonged to Bacillales namely Ureibacillus suwonensis, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Ureibacillus thermosphaericus and Bacillus borbori respectively. Other strain was Serratia sp.. The high-throughputsequencing data showed the consistent result that the Bacillaceae was the predominant bacterial strains in PN-8, accounting for 31.83%. The principal functional bacteria in PN-8 were Bacillaceae, and their favourablecellulose degradation capacity at high temperature would potentially improve the speed and quality ofcompost.

关 键 词：纤维素降解 细菌菌群 高通量测序 堆肥 芽孢杆菌科 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]