不同耕作方式对砂姜黑土理化性质和小麦产量的影响  

Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Shajiang Black Soil

作　　者：李太魁[1] 马政华[1] 寇长林[1] 张香凝[1] 吕金岭[1] 郭战玲[1] 王洪斌 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南省西平县土肥利用管理站,河南驻马店463900

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第36期20-24,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划"华北集约化农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范"(2012BAD15B02);农业部公益性行业科研专项"河南小麦-玉米轮作最佳养分管理技术模式与示范"(201103003)

摘　　要：为探讨砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式,提升砂姜黑土农田地力及作物产量,发挥地域资源优势,以‘百农207’为试验材料,通过田间试验,研究了免耕、旋耕(15 cm)和深耕(30 cm)3种耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤容重、土壤含水量、硝态氮含量及小麦籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:在小麦越冬期和成熟期,3种耕作方式0~10 cm土层土壤容重差异不显著(P>0.05),但深耕处理显著降低了10~40 cm土层土壤容重(P<0.05)。在小麦苗期,3种耕作方式对0~40 cm土层土壤含水量影响规律不明显(P>0.05),但在小麦越冬期、拔节期、成熟期,深耕处理显著增加了0~40 cm土层土壤含水量(P<0.05)。在小麦成熟期,0~40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量均为免耕>旋耕>深耕。与免耕处理相比,深耕处理通过增加小麦穗粒数和千粒重,使籽粒产量增加9.79%。综合研究区的土壤性质、作物生长、自然环境等因素,小麦季30 cm深耕可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤含水量,提高小麦籽粒产量,可作为砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式。To select appropriate tillage method and improve soil fertility and grain yield and develop regional resource superiority in shajiang black soil, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of 3 tillage methods [no tillage, rotary tillage（15 cm） and deep tillage（30 cm）] on soil bulk density, moisture, nitrate nitrogen and grain yield of winter wheat with‘Bainong207＇as the material. The results showed that soil bulk density had no significant differences among the 3 tillage treatments in 0-10 cm soil layer（P〈0.05）, but deep tillage decreased soil bulk density in 10-40 cm soil layer significantly（P〈0.05）. The effect law of the 3 tillage treatments on 0-40 cm soil moisture was not obvious in wheat seedling period（P〈0.05）, but deep tillage significantly increased soil moisture of 0-40 cm soil layer in the wintering, jointing and maturity period（P〈0.05）. In 0-40 cm soil layer, the order of soil nitrate nitrogen content was no tillage rotary tillage deep tillage at maturity stage. Compared with no tillage, deep tillage increased grain yield by 9.79% by increasinggrain number and 1000-grain weight. In view of soil properties, crop growth and natural environment, the deeptillage（30 cm） was a better management practice for shajiang black soil to decrease soil bulk density, improve soil moisture and increase grain yield of winter wheat.

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 耕作方式 容重 含水量 硝态氮 产量 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]