玉米收获方式及其效益分析  

Corn Harvest Methods and Benefit Analysis

作　　者：郭银巧[1] 柴宗文 王克如[1] 谢瑞芝[1] 汤秋香[3] 刘广周[1] 明博[1] 李少昆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,兰州730000 [3]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农学学报》2017年第12期8-11,共4页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于机械收粒的玉米籽粒水分预测模型及其应用"(31371575);中国博士后基金面上资助项目"成熟收获期玉米籽粒含水量模型研究"(2013M541092)

摘　　要：比较不同玉米收获方式的用工环节和成本投入,分析机械收粒技术的推广效益,为进一步推广玉米子粒收获技术、提高玉米生产机械化水平提供理论依据和数据支持。采用面谈和问卷调查的形式,在东北、西北春玉米区和黄淮海夏玉米区4省(区)16个市、县、48个村镇,调查了农户玉米收获方式和不同收获方式的收获成本情况,共获得465户有效样本。调研数据显示:玉米机械收获技术采用率存在明显区域差异,黑龙江和新疆地区机收比例最高,农户采用率达到89.4%以上,河南次之,平均为58.1%;吉林最低,为21.5%。比较玉米不同收获方式的收获效率和经济效益发现,玉米子粒机械直收技术最为高效快捷,相比机械收穗和人工收获分别节约成本300~600元/hm^2和900~1380元/hm^2,是一项节省工序、省时省力、节本增效、适应玉米产业化发展需要的收获方式。In order to provide theoretical basis and data support for further popularization of corn grain harvesttechnology and improve the mechanization level of corn production, the authors compared the labor use andcosts input of different harvest methods, analyzed the benefit of promotion of corn mechanized kernelharvesting. In the form of interview and questionnaire, the authors investigated farmers＇ harvest methods ofcorn and the cost of different harvest methods in 4 provinces（regions）, 16 cities（counties）, 48 villages in thenortheast and northwest spring corn area, and Huanghuaihai summer corn region, 465 valid samples werereceived. The results showed that there existed significant differences among regions in the adoption rate ofcorn mechanized harvest, the rate was the highest in Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, the adoption rate was above 89.4%, then was Henan of 58.1% and Jilin was the lowest of 21.5%. Comparing the harvesting efficiency andeconomic benefit of different corn harvest methods, technology of corn mechanized kernel harvesting was themost efficient, and it could save 300-600 yuan/hm^2 and 900-1380 yuan/hm^2 than that of mechanized ear harvest and artificial harvest respectively, which was a harvest mode that met the need of corn industrializationwith less process, labor saving, low cost and high efficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 机械收获 效益分析 

分 类 号：S233.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]