4种剂型杀螺胺乙醇胺盐现场应用效果与成本分析  

Effects and cost of four formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt in Oncomelania hupensis snail control in field

作　　者：何亮才[1] 王加松[1] 荣先兵[1] 袁梅枝[1] 李天艳[1] 廖强[1] 谭先玉 胡合华 田克卿[1] 刘雄 张瑕 苏文[4] 崔彩霞 田荣 

机构地区：[1]湖北省荆州市疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病预防控制所,荆州434000 [2]湖北省洪湖市疾病预防控制中心 [3]湖北省江陵县血吸虫病预防控制所 [4]湖北中医药高等专科学校

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2017年第6期765-769,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：湖北省卫生和计划生育委员会项目(WJ2015XB029)

摘　　要：目的观察4种剂型杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在湖沼地区垸内环境的现场灭螺效果,并计算其单位面积的灭螺成本,为流行区制定灭螺药物使用计划提供科学依据。方法选择荆州市江陵县同区域内1条有螺大型排水渠和1条无水渠作为试验现场。将排水渠分为9段,1段设为空白对照组,仅观察钉螺自然死亡率;其余8段为观察组,分别施用4%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂、5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂、25%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂。无水沟渠分为4段,1段设为空白对照组,仅观察钉螺自然死亡率;其余3段作为观察组,分别施用4%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂、5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂、50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂。施药前及施药后7、15 d均采用系统抽样法查螺,以观察灭螺药物效果。采用单位成本法,计算灭螺药单位面积(1 m^2)成本。结果在有水沟渠灭螺现场,4%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂50 g/m^2、5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂40 g/m^2、25%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂2 g/m^2与4 g/m^2,施药后7 d钉螺死亡率为79.52%~97.87%,施药后15 d钉螺死亡率为71.00%~96.30%,与灭螺前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。同一剂型悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂剂量2 g/m^2与4 g/m^2比较,施药后7 d,钉螺死亡率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。在无水沟渠灭螺现场,4%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂、5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂、50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂,施药后7 d钉螺死亡率为97.14%~100%,15 d为94.32%~100%,与灭螺前相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。上述灭螺药物每1 m^2的单位成本在0.280~0.416元之间。结论粉剂与颗粒剂适用于湖沼地区垸内无水或水位不稳定环境灭螺,悬浮剂与可湿性粉剂适用于有水环境灭螺。粉剂单位成本最低,但施药时粉雾飘移严重。Objective To investigate the effects and cost of four formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt in Oncomela-nia hupensis snail control in the field in marshland and lake regions,so as to provide the evidence for drawing up the plan of mol-luscicide using in schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods One drainage channel and one channel without water in the same area with snails in Jiangling County,Jingzhou City were selected as the research fields. The drainage channel was divided into 9 sections,except one section as a blank control group where the natural death rate of snails was observed only,and the remaining 8 sections were taken as the observation groups,where different dosages of 4%niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder,5%ni-closamide ethanolamine salt granules,25% niclosamide ethanolamine salt suspending agent,26% metaldehyde and ni-closamide ethanolamine salt suspending agent,and 50%niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder were used re-spectively. The channel without water were divided into 4 sections,except one section as a blank control group,the oth-er 3 segments were taken as the observation groups,where 4%niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder,5%niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules,and 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder were used respectively. Before and after spraying molluscicide for 7 days and 15 days,the system sampling method was used to observe the effects of snail control. Meanwhile,the unit cost method was used to calculate the costs of the different mulluscicide formulations abovementioned in unit area（1 m2）. Results In the field at the drainage channel,the snail mortality rates of the groups spraying 4%niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder（50 g/m2）,5%niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules（40 g/m2）,25% niclosamide ethanolamine suspending agent,26% metaldehyde and niclosamide ethanolamine salt sus-pending agent,and 50%niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder（2 g/m2 and 4 g/m2）for 7 days were 79.52%-97.87%,while the rates after spraying for 15 days were 7

关 键 词：钉螺 灭螺药物 剂型 杀螺胺乙醇胺盐 死亡率 成本 湖沼地区 垸内 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]