我国水库大坝病险及溃决规律分析  

An analysis on laws of reservoir dam defects and breaches in China

作　　者：张建云[1] 杨正华[1] 蒋金平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水利部土石坝破坏机理与防控技术重点实验室,南京210029

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2017年第12期1313-1320,共8页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目"水库大坝安全保障关键技术研究"第一课题"水库大坝病险与溃坝规律研究"(编号:2006BAC14B01);水利部公益性行业科研专项"土石坝长效安全运行重大关键技术研究"(编号:201501033)资助

摘　　要：水库工程是保障经济社会发展的重要基础设施,大坝安全涉及重大公共安全问题,对溃坝数据进行深入分析对溃坝防范和防灾减灾具有重要意义.本文深入分析了大坝的病险和溃坝现象以及发生发展规律,探讨了水库大坝运行过程中的病害演变特性,构建了大坝病害评估和险情判别体系;在分析大坝性态变化规律的基础上,建立了大坝性态变化模型;通过历年溃坝数据挖掘,系统分析了20世纪50年代以来我国溃坝的坝型、时间和空间分布规律,总结了有价值的经验教训和警示,对水库大坝溃坝风险防控和加强大坝安全管理有重要参考价值.Reservoir engineering is one of the important infrastructures for safeguard social and economic development. Dam safety concerns significant public safety issues. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of dam breach data is of great significance for failure prevention and disaster mitigation. Based on in-depth analysis of vulnerable process of dam aging, defects and failures, it discusses the characteristics of aging defects in the process of reservoir running, builds a dam aging assessment and danger discriminant system; on the basis of performance analysis, it establishes a dam behavior model; by mining the historical dam failure data, it analysis the time, space and type distribution of dams breached since the 1950 s and summarizes the valuable experiences and lessons of dam risk prevention and control. This paper has important reference value for improvement of dam safety management in China.

关 键 词：大坝 安全 病害 溃坝 减灾 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV698