矿山开采相似材料配比及力学试验研究  

On preparing the materials as close as possible in the experimental ratio and mechanical properties with those gained from mining

作　　者：姚琦[1] 冯涛[1] 王卫军[1] 廖泽[1] 马超甫 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学煤矿安全开采技术湖南省重点实验室,资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2017年第6期2129-2134,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51274095,51434006);湖南省煤矿安全开采技术重点实验室开放基金项目(201402)

摘　　要：为使相似材料更贴近现场岩性特点,提高相似材料模拟试验研究精度,采用"砂石+石膏+水泥"三种原料进行配比试验,制作不同配比的试件进行力学性能测试。通过抗压、拉强度及相应的应力-应变曲线分析相似材料的力学性能及破坏特征,并对相似材料试验各阶段中的误差来源进行分析。结果表明:1)试件的平均抗压强度随砂石比例增大而减小,加入适量的水泥会增大试件的抗压强度,改变"砂石+石膏+水泥"的配比可以获得较为灵活多样的相似岩层特性;2)试件的抗压、拉强度随砂石骨料粒径增大而增大;3)利用棍棒捣实和敲打振动可以满足砂浆的压实要求,采用称砣式静力压实后反而使试件的抗压强度降低;4)针对相似材料制作过程的每个阶段,可提出减少误差的相应方法与措施。The paper is aimed to study how to prepare similar materials as close as possible in the experimental ratio and mechanical properties with those gained from the mining activities. For the said purpose,we have adopted the mixed raw materials mixed with different ratios,such as gravels,gypsum and cement in the rocks in field so as to promote the experimental accuracy in the mechanical tests of the prefabricated specimen. First of all,we have done the tests on the RMT150-C tester with a displacement-controlled rate of 0. 002 mm/s. And,secondly,the bearing ratio tester（ CBR-1） has been taken to test the specimen with no cement component. And,then,we have done the analysis on the compression-strain and tension-strain curves in hoping to investigate and determine the mechanical properties and failure characteristic features of the similar materials,along with an additional analysis for the likely sources of the errors that took place in the experiment. The results we have obtained help us to gain the following conclusions： the average compressive strength tends to increase with the increase in the ratio of gravels and the proper increase of the cement component. The compressive strength of the specimen has been found of 0. 1-10 MPa,which consists of the coarse aggregates（ gravel） and the bonding materials（ such as the gypsum and cement）. What is more,the similar specimen,which can be used to simulate the various properties of the rock strata,is in a position to be adopted to prefabricate similar models with the similar ratios of 1： 20-1： 200. And,the next,the compressive and tensile strengths have been found increasing on the condition when the size of the coarse aggregates has been increased. Furthermore,the strength of the specimen has been found decreasing due to the static weight compaction of the compression of the mortar by the stick tamping and hitting vibration.In addition,we have also proposed corresponding methods and measures on how to reduce the experimental errors during the each experime

关 键 词：安全工程 相似模拟 颗粒级配 相似材料 误差分析 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]